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AP Review #6

AP Review #6. Medulla Oblongata- Pons- Cerebellum- Basal Ganglia- Thalamus-. Answers:. Medulla Oblongata- lower region of brain; regulates heart rhythm, blood flow, breathing rate, digestion, vomiting Pons- Bridge between cerebral hemispheres and medulla and cerebellum; arousal

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AP Review #6

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  1. AP Review #6 • Medulla Oblongata- • Pons- • Cerebellum- • Basal Ganglia- • Thalamus-

  2. Answers: • Medulla Oblongata- lower region of brain; regulates heart rhythm, blood flow, breathing rate, digestion, vomiting • Pons- Bridge between cerebral hemispheres and medulla and cerebellum; arousal • Cerebellum- “little brain”; motor function; balance • Basal Ganglia- links thalamus with motor cortex; reward and punishment learning • Thalamus- “relay station”; vision, hearing, taste, skin senses, NOT smell

  3. Anxiety Disorders

  4. Anxiety Disorders The patient fears something awful willhappen to them. a group of conditions where the primary symptoms are anxiety or defenses against anxiety. Often called Neuroses

  5. What is anxiety? • A state of intense apprehension, uneasiness, uncertainty, or fear. Hey…that sounds like me…right??? Differs from normal day to day anxiety in that anxiety – or effort to control it – begins to take control and dominate life

  6. Generalized Anxiety Disorder • A person is continuously tense, apprehensive and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal (cant relax) • Anxiety is not tied to any particular object or situation • Anxiety has a “free-floating” quality The patient is constantly tense and worried, feels inadequate, is oversensitive, can’t concentrate and may suffer from insomnia. - can lead to the more serious panic disorder

  7. Panic Disorder • sudden bouts of intense unexplained terror • Panic attacks • episodes of intense dread, chest pain, choking and other frightening sensations • People may think they are “going crazy” • More than three in six months is cause for alarm Can cause secondary disorders, such as agoraphobia or social phobias.

  8. Phobias • Irrational or excessive fears of particular objects or situations • People recognize that fears are irrational, but still avoid situations or objects • Three types • Social phobia, specific phobia, and agoraphobia

  9. The Phobia List Link

  10. Obsessive Compulsive Disorder • characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and/or repetitive actions (compulsions). • Becomes OCD when it takes control of our lives

  11. Common Examples of OCD

  12. Explanations for Anxiety Disorders • Behavioral • You Learn them through conditioning, observational learning, and reinforcement • Evolution • fear based on earlier dangers to keep us alive • Genes • passed on • Physiology (the brain) • brains of those with anxiety disorders actually function differently • Cognitive • The way you look at the world or social situations (social phobias for example)

  13. Post-traumatic Stress Disordera.k.a. PTSD Flashbacks or nightmares following a person’s involvement in or observation of an extremely stressful event. Memories of the event cause anxiety.

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