Chapter 4 and 5 Review

1. Chapter 4 and 5 Review

2. What type of succession occurs after a natural process such as a volcanic eruption or flood? • primary succession • old-field succession • secondary succession • climax community

3. What term is used to refer to the many feeding relationships that are possible in an ecosystem? • food web • energy pyramid • food chain • energy transfer

4. Which organism is likely to be in the bottom trophic level of a food chain? • leopard seal • shark • Algae • killer whale

5. Which of the following is an example of secondary succession? • breaking down of bare rock by fungi and mosses • pioneer plants begin to grow after glacial melting • growth of plants after a forest is destroyed by fire • appearance of weeds in cracks in a concrete surface

6. Succession is possible because • climates change over time. • it is a rapid and chaotic process that is very difficult to control. • existing plants reproduce quickly. • new species make the environment less suitable for previous ones.

7. Plants play a crucial role in the carbon cycle because they • do not release carbon dioxide during cellular respiration. • allow carbon to enter an ecosystem through photosynthesis. • have special bacteria that live in their root systems. • are chemically converted into fossil fuels when burned.

8. Consumers are organisms that • eat only other animal species. • get solar or other energy indirectly. • are also known as self-feeders. • occupy an ecosystem’s lowest energy level.

9. Where would you not find primary succession? • a new island formed by a volcanic eruption • a gravel-filled valley that had been covered by a glacier until recently • a locked, abandoned asphalt parking lot in New York City • the Amazon Rain Forest

10. What kind of natural disaster helps some forest communities by allowing some trees to release their seeds, by clearing away deadwood, and by encouraging new growth? • Fire • Windstorm • Flood • drought

11. Which of the following plants is likely to be a pioneer species? • Lichen • shrub • Grass • oak tree

12. Which of the following does not contain carbon from the bodies of plants and animals that died millions of years ago? • Coal • natural gas • Oil • phosphate salts

13. If an insect eats a plant and a bird eats the insect, about how much energy from the plant is stored in the insect for the bird to use? • 90 percent • 10 percent • 50 percent • 1 percent

14. Which kind of organism obtains energy only from producers? • Decomposers • omnivores • Herbivores • carnivores

15. Which two kingdoms contain organisms that can use energy from the sun to make food? • protists and plants • fungi and protists • fungi and plants • plants and animals

16. Single-celled organisms with cell walls but no nuclei are • fungi. • protists. • bacteria. • sponges

17. Which of the following is not a biotic factor in an ecosystem? • Roots • leaves • Insects • oxygen

18. One way that bacteria and fungi are important to the environment is that they • produce oxygen. • use the sun’s energy to make their own food. • are a major food source in many ecosystems. • break down dead organisms.

19. Which of the following best describes a population? • members of the same species living in the same place at the same time • all the red birds in an forest, park and zoo • all types of organisms living in the same place at different times • all members of the same species

20. Humans have inadvertently promoted the evolution of insects that are resistant to insecticides by • trying to control pests with chemicals. • using insecticides that are outdated. • using the wrong insecticide. • using herbicides

21. Which of the following describes soil and temperature in an ecosystem? • abioticfactors • unnecessary factors • biotic factors • selection factors

22. Which of the following converts nitrogen in the air into a form plants can use? • Bacteria • protists • Fungi • animals

23. Most scientists classify organisms into • five kingdoms. • three kingdoms. • six kingdoms. • two groups.

24. In order for evolution to occur in a population, individuals with a trait that is “naturally selected for” must • live a long time. • reproduce. • leave the area. • coevolve.

25. The process of two species changing genetically in response to long-term interactions with each other is • artificial selection. • selective breeding. • coevolution. • resistance.

26. An organism is resistant to a chemical if it • has a gene that protects it from the chemical. • it evolved overnight to be resistant to it • did not eat anything with the chemical on it. • All of the above

27. Some organisms are more likely to survive because they • have certain physical traits. • engage in certain behaviors. • lack certain physical traits. • All of the above

28. The community of a pond is made up of all the • abioticfactors in the water. • resources organisms need. • habitats in and around the water. • populations of fish, insects, and other living organisms.

29. The organisms most likely to belong to the same species are • people at a football game. • birds in a forest. • bacteria inside a person’s body. • fish in a pond.

30. The energy in most ecosystems comes from • green plants. • wind. • the sun. • cows

31. Which of the following is not an ecosystem? • Desert • coral reef • oak forest • utility pole