1. EMERGING CIVILIZATIONS RIVER CIVILIZATION

2. What contributes to a civilization • Culture • Settlement • Communication • Government

3. Euphrates and Tigris Rivers • Mesopotamia (modern day Iraq) • Cuneiform Script • City-state • Two main cultural groups • Sumerians • Akkadians

4. Sumerians • Southern part of Mesopotamia • City-state • Ruled by local priest • Introduced the first writing system which was adopted by the Akkadians and Babylonians • Practiced polytheism • Built large centers of worship (pyramid-shaped called ziggurat) • Cities were built around ziggurat • Largest cities Uruk, Eridu and Ur • Introduced irrigation technique to ensure water during droughts

5. Akkadians • Northern part of Mesopotamia • Conquered Sumer in 2340 BC by Sargon, ruler of the Akkad region • Akkadian became the official language • Collasped in 2000 BC due to internal rivalries and invading tribes. • The first established Empire

6. Indus River • Begins in Tibet and flows through the Himalayan valleys to modern day Pakistan and into the Arabian Sea • Home of the great cities of Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa • Developed written script and system of worship • Protected by mountain barrier • Master weavers and produced material from cotton and linen • Destroyed by the invading Aryan people in 1500 BC • Developed written language using symbol for each phonetic unit of speech • Recorded trade agreements • Chronologies of Kings and Princes • Literature

7. Nile River • The longest river in the world • Vital in the development of the Egyptian civilization • The Egyptian civilization established about 3000 BC (same time as Sumer, Harappa and Mohenjo-daro) • Located south of the equator and flows northward through northeastern Africa to drain into the Mediterranean Sea.

8. NILE RIVER CONT… • Formed by three streams • Blue Nile • Atbara • White Nile • Gave birth to one of the first people of cultivated agriculture • Close proximity gave easy access to water for crops • Seasonal flooding fertilized the land • Agriculture was essential for growth, survival and economic success

9. Huang He (Yellow River) • Second longest river in China and the sixth longest in the world • Flows through nine providences in China and empties into the Bohai Sea • Has changed course 26 times noticeable and 9 times severely due to flooding • Used as a military strategy during the 1938 Sino-Japanese War causing the death of 500,000 to 900,000 of Chinese lives and unknown number of Japanese soldiers.

10. 9 PROVIDENCES • QINGHAI • SICHUAN • GANSU • NINGXIA • INNER MONGOLIA • SHAANXI • SHANXI • HENAN • SHANDONG

11. Yangtze River • Longest river in Asia, 3rd longest in the world. • Home to one-third of the Peoples Republic of China population • Dujiangyanirrigation system built during the Warring States peiod • Create a stable and productive agriculture system

12. Yangtze River cont… • Region of Jiangnan provided 1/3 to ½ of the nations revenue during the Qing Dynasty • River used for: • Water • Irrigation • Sanitation • Transportation • Industry • Boundary-marking • War

13. Review • WHAT FOUR (4) ATTRIBUTES TO A CIVILIZATION? • Answer: (culture, settlement, communication, government)

14. Review • WHO ARE THE TWO (2) MAIN CULTURAL GROUPS OF MESOPOTAMIA? • Answer: (sumerians, akkadians)

15. REVIEW • WHAT RELIGION DID THE SUMERIANS PRACTICE? • Answer: • (polytheism)

16. REVIEW • WHY DID THE AKKADIANS COLLAPSE? • Answer: (internal rivalries, invading tribes)

17. REVIEW • HUANG HE IS KNOWN AS? • Answer: • (yellow river)

18. REVIEW • WHAT IS THE LONGEST RIVER IN ASIA? • Answer: • (yangtze)