Connecting to the Internet through an ISP

1. Connecting to the Internet through an ISP Networking for Home & Small Business

2. What this Chapter is About… • Every day people are online • We need to communicate • Internet Service Providers (ISP) • Make this possible • Web of service providers • You’ll see: • Why ISP’s are necessary • The Network Operations Centers

3. What is the Internet • Worldwide collection of computer networks, cooperating with each other to exchange information using common standards • Network of networks that connects users in every country in the world • Do this through: • Wireless, fiber, telephone lines, satellite & more

4. The Internet • Who owns it? • No one • What allows computers to communicate? • Protocols • There are several organizations that help manage it • Standards • Addressing

5. Imagine… • What would the Internet be like if no organization granted domain names? • Might have 1000 www.nintendo.com sites • What other areas did standards help in? • Mobile web (other browsers) • Any device with browser can access Internet • Use of various devices to access web

6. Internet Organizations • ISOC Internet Society • Central leadership organization • IETF Internet Engineering Task Force • Proposes solutions to Internet problems • Recommends protocol standards • IRTF Internet Research Task Force • Researches future of Internet • How to handle transmissions during disaster • IANA Internet Assigned Numbers Authority • Bookkeeper of who addresses are assigned to

7. ISP’s • What’s an ISP? • Company that provides connections & support to access the Internet • Name yours & others

8. ISP Services • What other services do ISP’s provide? • Internet access • Domain name registration • Web hosting • Transit to all over • Internet is a series of ISP’s connected to one another

9. Connect to the ISP through POP • Point of Presence • Between your LAN & the ISP • Where you get the ISP’s services- closest point of connection

10. High Speed Backbone

11. Maps • http://www.telegeography.com/maps/index.php

12. Review • Describe the Internet. • What does ISP stand for? • Internet Service Provider • What does an ISP do? • Provides connection to the Internet • What is the connection point between the ISP and your LAN? • POP

13. Options for Connecting to the ISP • Dial-up- slowest, telephone lines • Cell Phone Modem- becoming fast • DSL- high speed over phone lines • Cable Modem- high speed over cable lines • Leased Line- high speed over dedicated digital lines, for businesses, T1 • Satellite- medium speeds

14. Connecting to the ISP • Modem is used to connect to ISP • You may have an ISR to connect multiple computers to the modem

15. Home Service Slower speed Less expensive Less web space Fewer email addresses Business Class Faster speed More expensive More web space More email addresses SLA (Service Level Agreements) Network availability terms Service response time Link ISP Service Levels

16. Asymmetric Service • Download transfer rate is different from upload rate • Common in homes, most Internet users • Download is faster

17. Symmetric Service • Download transfer rate is same as upload rate • Common in businesses or hosting servers • Great for uploading lots of video, data, graphics

18. Which ISP?

19. Activity • Complete 4.1.5-3 • Handout Research • Go home & test your speed HW! • http://www.speedtest.net End of Day One

20. Review • Name some features that a business class ISP service would offer that home service does not. • Describe asymmetric service. • Describe symmetric service. • What is a POP? • Connection between LAN & ISP • What’s the high speed links that connect ISPs called? • backbone

21. The Importance of IP • Internet Protocol • Uses packets to carry data • IP carries what you do on the Internet • Contains source & destination IP address

22. IP Packet • Header contains the IP addresses & control info for routers • IP addresses MUST be unique • ISP gets blocks of addresses • Then they manage & split them up

23. How an ISP handles Packets • Before hitting the Internet, your message is divided into small packets • Downloading a 1 MB song requires over 600 packets of 1500 bytes each • ISP determines whether packet is for local or for remote network

24. NOC • Controls traffic flow • Uses destination IP • Has services (web hosting, email)

25. NOC- Monitoring

26. NOC- AT &T Monitoring

27. Network Utilities • Ping • End-to-end connectivity • Traceroute • Traces path from source to destination • Displays each hop

28. Traceroute • http://visualroute.visualware.com/

29. Activities • Packet Tracer 4.2.3.2 • Lab 4.2.3.3

30. The Internet Cloud • Many routes to a destination • Bad router- take the back road! • Cloud represents Internet or another network

31. Devices in the Cloud • More than just routers • Tech at home must match tech at ISP • DSL connects to a DSLAM (access multiplexer) • Cable Modem connects to a CMTS (termination system) • Must have equipment to connect to other ISPs • Must handle lots of traffic, near 100% uptime, redundant

32. Devices in the Cloud

33. Devices in the Cloud

34. Activity

35. Review • A DSLAM is needed at the ISP for which technology? • DSL • What does DSL stand for? • Digital Subscriber Line • A CMTS is needed for which technology? • Cable Modem • What do you need to connect to the Internet? • IP Address, default Gateway, connection to a network, and an ISP to connect you

36. Home & Business Devices

37. Home & Business Environment

38. Cables • What’s another name for cable? • Medium • Channel • Copper • Fiber Optic

39. Network Cables

40. Twisted Pair Cabling • Electricity over the copper wires • Pairs twisted inside jacket • Can get EMI • Crosstalk on long runs • Cat 5 has 3-4 twists per inch • Makes it more resistant to interference

41. Kinds of Twisted Pair • UTP • Electricity • Inexpensive • Easy to install • 4 pairs of wires, color coded • RJ45 connector • Cat 5 & 5e • 100 & 1000Mbps • Cat 6 • 1000Mbps & higher

42. Review • What connector is on UTP? • RJ45 • What is the high speed links called that connect ISPs? • Backbone • A router, switch & access point all in one is called what? • ISR

43. Coax Cable • Transmits electricity • Better shielding than UTP • Harder to install than UTP • ISP uses these for CMTS

44. Fiber Optic Cables • Transmits pulses of light • Used in big environments • Glass or plastic • No EMI • High speed • LAN backbone • Connect ISP to Internet • 2 fibers • Transmit & receive

45. Fiber Optic Cables • Multimode • Less $ • Used in LANs/Campuses • 2000 meters • LED • Many paths of light • Single Mode • More $ • Connects backbone/NOCs • 3000 meters • LED laser • Single path of light

46. Activity- Fiber or UTP?

47. Cabling Standards • Specs for installing & testing cable • Pinouts (order of wires) • Wire sizes • Shielding • Cable lengths • Connector types • Performance limits

48. UTP Cables • TIA/EIA • 568A • 568B

49. Straight-Through Cable • 568B to 568B • Connect unlike devices • Computer to Hub/Switch • Switch to router port • On the PC NIC • Pins 1 & 2 transmit • Pins 3 & 6 receive

50. Crossover Cable • 568A to 568B • Like Devices • Switch/hub port to switch/hub port • Router port to router port • PC to router port • PC to PC