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Exploring Foreign Aid Dynamics: Models, Donors, and NGO Roles in Global Development

This comprehensive course examines the multifaceted landscape of foreign aid through the lens of various models and influential organizations, including UNDP, the World Bank, and regional institutions. It delves into the roles of bilateral and multilateral donors, former colonial powers, and the evolution of NGOs. Key topics include the influence of colonial legacies, the importance of civil society, and the effectiveness of development strategies in response to humanitarian crises. Participants will engage with case studies and current debates around aid processes, efficiency, and moral obligations.

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Exploring Foreign Aid Dynamics: Models, Donors, and NGO Roles in Global Development

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Presentation Transcript

  1. PIA 2096/2490 Foreign Aid Capstone and Topics Course

  2. Foreign Aid Other Donors, Other Models

  3. Universal Organizations • UNDP and related Organizations • World Bank • International Monetary Fund

  4. Regional Institutions • Regional Banks: Africa, Asia, Latin America, Europe • UN Economic Commissions: ECA, ECLA, (Asia, Middle East) • European Union

  5. Foreign Aid Issues Multi-Lateral Institutions Weighted Voting Bureaucratic Elites Loans versus Grants

  6. Bilateral Donors Former Colonial Powers Soft Donors Marshall Plan Recipients Oil Producers Tied Aid

  7. British Aid • Colonial Development Funds- Now Commonwealth Funds • Colombo Plan • Focus on British Institutions • Linked to British Investment (Sanctions-Pakistan, South Africa, Zimbabwe)

  8. Japanese Aid • Links to World War II and Occupation • Japan as Marshall Plan Recipient • Linked to Japanese Investment • South East Asia • JICA

  9. Scandinavia • Moral Obligations • 1% Goal • “Soft Donors” • High Levels of Popular Support

  10. France • Francophonie • Strong Links to Elites and security • Aid tied to trade • Strong colonial legacy

  11. Other Donors • Former ex-colonial powers: Spain, Italy and Potugal- Latin Ties • ANZUS- Southeast Asia and Pacific • EU- Almost all have bilateral Programs

  12. Other Donors • Germany- Reparations and Colonial Legacy • Canada- Francophone and Moral • Holland and Belgium- Payback for Colonial Ills

  13. Other Models- The Rise of NGOs as Contractors NGOs: The Nature of the Beast

  14. Civil Society • NGOs, CBOs, PVOs: Who do they represent? • Grassroots, interests, not for profits (neutrality) • Groups: Role of ethnicity, religion and class, vs. individual rights

  15. Civil Society • Privatization as an issue • Corporatism vs. Clientelism • Organic VS. Individualist nature of society (Vincent Ostrom) • Establishing the rule of law • Roman vs. Common Law • What is the role of the individual

  16. NGOs--The Nature of the Beast • Non-Profits vs. For Profits • Not for Profits- More value directed • Private Voluntary Organizations(PVOs) • Community Based Organizations (CBOs) • Foundations

  17. NGOs- The Nature of the Beast • Civic Associations • Interest Groups • Quangos • Trade Unions • Religious Organizations

  18. Five Caveats • Usually excludes “for profits” • Issue of contractors- both for profits and non-profits • Includes both International and Local • Internationals are not universally loved

  19. Caveats • Very often internationals are religious or charity based • Focus has been primarily on relief rather than development or civil society goals

  20. Types of “Development” NGOs • Philanthropy • Relief and Welfare Societies • Public Service Contractors • Populist based development agencies (national)

  21. Types of “Development” NGOs • Grassroots associations (local or village based) • Advocacy groups • Public Service Contractors

  22. Origins- Natural Disaster: Humanitarian Assistance and Human-Made Disaster • War, Drought, Agricultural Failure • Focus on Rural Development • Human Rights • Focus on Governance

  23. Natural Disaster: Humanitarian Assistance and Human-Made Disaster NGOs--Areas of Perceived Advantage • Cost-effective • Small but efficient • Innovative • Staff loyalty and commitment

  24. Natural Disaster: Humanitarian Assistance and Human-Made Disaster NGOs--Perceived Advantage • Ideologically compatible with Development values • Links with poor • Image of populism

  25. Natural Disaster: Humanitarian Assistance and Human-Made Disaster • International NGOs—Weaknesses • Lack of local legitimacy • Donor driven • Inefficiency

  26. Natural Disaster: Humanitarian Assistance and Human-Made Disaster • International NGOs—Weaknesses • Amateurism • Leadership and continuity problems • Staffing problems • Self-serving-own objectives • Faith Based

  27. Natural Disaster: Humanitarian Assistance and Human-Made Disaster • International NGOs—Weaknesses • Fixation on projects • Problems of replication • Lack of perceived accountability • Learning problems/lack of institutional memory

  28. Natural Disaster: Humanitarian Assistance and Human-Made Disaster • International NGOs—Weaknesses • Tensions with government institutions • Politically threatening • Ties with existing local elites • Inability of humanitarian organizations to transfer to new development orientation

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