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PIA 2096/2490

PIA 2096/2490. Foreign Aid Capstone and Topics Course. Foreign Aid. Other Donors, Other Models. Universal Organizations. UNDP and related Organizations World Bank International Monetary Fund. Regional Institutions. Regional Banks: Africa, Asia, Latin America, Europe

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PIA 2096/2490

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  1. PIA 2096/2490 Foreign Aid Capstone and Topics Course

  2. Foreign Aid Other Donors, Other Models

  3. Universal Organizations • UNDP and related Organizations • World Bank • International Monetary Fund

  4. Regional Institutions • Regional Banks: Africa, Asia, Latin America, Europe • UN Economic Commissions: ECA, ECLA, (Asia, Middle East) • European Union

  5. Foreign Aid Issues Multi-Lateral Institutions Weighted Voting Bureaucratic Elites Loans versus Grants

  6. Bilateral Donors Former Colonial Powers Soft Donors Marshall Plan Recipients Oil Producers Tied Aid

  7. British Aid • Colonial Development Funds- Now Commonwealth Funds • Colombo Plan • Focus on British Institutions • Linked to British Investment (Sanctions-Pakistan, South Africa, Zimbabwe)

  8. Japanese Aid • Links to World War II and Occupation • Japan as Marshall Plan Recipient • Linked to Japanese Investment • South East Asia • JICA

  9. Scandinavia • Moral Obligations • 1% Goal • “Soft Donors” • High Levels of Popular Support

  10. France • Francophonie • Strong Links to Elites and security • Aid tied to trade • Strong colonial legacy

  11. Other Donors • Former ex-colonial powers: Spain, Italy and Potugal- Latin Ties • ANZUS- Southeast Asia and Pacific • EU- Almost all have bilateral Programs

  12. Other Donors • Germany- Reparations and Colonial Legacy • Canada- Francophone and Moral • Holland and Belgium- Payback for Colonial Ills

  13. Other Models- The Rise of NGOs as Contractors NGOs: The Nature of the Beast

  14. Civil Society • NGOs, CBOs, PVOs: Who do they represent? • Grassroots, interests, not for profits (neutrality) • Groups: Role of ethnicity, religion and class, vs. individual rights

  15. Civil Society • Privatization as an issue • Corporatism vs. Clientelism • Organic VS. Individualist nature of society (Vincent Ostrom) • Establishing the rule of law • Roman vs. Common Law • What is the role of the individual

  16. NGOs--The Nature of the Beast • Non-Profits vs. For Profits • Not for Profits- More value directed • Private Voluntary Organizations(PVOs) • Community Based Organizations (CBOs) • Foundations

  17. NGOs- The Nature of the Beast • Civic Associations • Interest Groups • Quangos • Trade Unions • Religious Organizations

  18. Five Caveats • Usually excludes “for profits” • Issue of contractors- both for profits and non-profits • Includes both International and Local • Internationals are not universally loved

  19. Caveats • Very often internationals are religious or charity based • Focus has been primarily on relief rather than development or civil society goals

  20. Types of “Development” NGOs • Philanthropy • Relief and Welfare Societies • Public Service Contractors • Populist based development agencies (national)

  21. Types of “Development” NGOs • Grassroots associations (local or village based) • Advocacy groups • Public Service Contractors

  22. Origins- Natural Disaster: Humanitarian Assistance and Human-Made Disaster • War, Drought, Agricultural Failure • Focus on Rural Development • Human Rights • Focus on Governance

  23. Natural Disaster: Humanitarian Assistance and Human-Made Disaster NGOs--Areas of Perceived Advantage • Cost-effective • Small but efficient • Innovative • Staff loyalty and commitment

  24. Natural Disaster: Humanitarian Assistance and Human-Made Disaster NGOs--Perceived Advantage • Ideologically compatible with Development values • Links with poor • Image of populism

  25. Natural Disaster: Humanitarian Assistance and Human-Made Disaster • International NGOs—Weaknesses • Lack of local legitimacy • Donor driven • Inefficiency

  26. Natural Disaster: Humanitarian Assistance and Human-Made Disaster • International NGOs—Weaknesses • Amateurism • Leadership and continuity problems • Staffing problems • Self-serving-own objectives • Faith Based

  27. Natural Disaster: Humanitarian Assistance and Human-Made Disaster • International NGOs—Weaknesses • Fixation on projects • Problems of replication • Lack of perceived accountability • Learning problems/lack of institutional memory

  28. Natural Disaster: Humanitarian Assistance and Human-Made Disaster • International NGOs—Weaknesses • Tensions with government institutions • Politically threatening • Ties with existing local elites • Inability of humanitarian organizations to transfer to new development orientation

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