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Language Structures

Language Structures. Dialogue I. Dialogue II. Reading I. Reading II. Guided Writing. Interaction Activities. Listening Practice. LSP. LS. 1. 2. 3. LSP. LS. See the following sentences and find out the grammar rules they use:. This is the first time I’ve been in Shanghai.

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Language Structures

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  1. Language Structures Dialogue I Dialogue II Reading I Reading II Guided Writing Interaction Activities Listening Practice

  2. LSP LS 1 2 3

  3. LSP LS See the following sentences and find out the grammar rules they use: • This is the first time I’ve been in Shanghai. • While Class One students were having a Chinese lesson, Class Three students were having a lesson on the History of the Chinese Revolution (C.R.) • By half past ten, we’d already had our English class? Follow up activity

  4. LSP 1. 现在完成时 构成形式： i. It is/ will be the first/ second/ etc. time that… have/ has done… ii. 表达意义：这（将）是……人第……事。 e.g. It is the first time that I’ve heard Jazz. It will be the second time (that) he has climbed that mountain. 注意：It was the first/ second/ etc. time that… 分句动词通常用过去完成时。 e.g. It was the first time she had been at a summer school and she thoroughly enjoyed it.

  5. LSP • 2. 过去进行时 • 构成形式： • …was (were) doing…, while…was (were) doing… • 2) when…did…was (were) doing… • ii. 表达意义：过去进行时常用来表示两个动作在过去某一时间里同时进行或某一动作在过去某一时间点正在进行。 • e.g. What were the Class Three students doing while the Class One students were having a Chinese lesson? • When I got up this morning, it was raining.

  6. LSP • 3. 过去完成时 • 构成形式：…had done… • ii. 表达意义：过去完成时可用来表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束，即表示“完成”；表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间之前已经开始，一直延续到这一过去时间，而且到那时还未结束，仍有继续下去的可能性，即表示“未完成”，主要用于延续性动词。 • e.g. Tom flew home, but his father had already died. • By six they had worked for 12 hours.

  7. LSP 3. 过去完成时 除此之外，由by引导的短语或从句如果是过去时间，主句用过去完成时。 e.g. By the time they arrived, the plane had taken off. She had finished the work by five yesterday afternoon. 注意：如果由by引导的短语是将来时间，主句用将来完成时。 e.g. By the end of next month he will have gone through the experiment.

  8. LSP LS Follow up activity Title: A visit to … (someplace) Topic: The impression of … • What were you doing at that time yesterday morning? • Have you been in … before? • Is this your first time to…? • Everything is new to you, isn’t it? Did you enjoy yourself there? • By three in the afternoon yesterday, I had already come back.

  9. LSP 1 LSP I Asking for and giving information about someone’s (first, second, last, visit, etc) visit to a certain place. Practice following conversations: 1. A: Is this the first time you’ve been in Zhongshan, Liu? B: A: Where did you go to middle school? B: In Wuxi. 2. A: B: No, this is already my second visit. A: B: In 1994. I came with my parents to visit my uncle and aunt.

  10. LSP Language points for LSP I: 1) on holiday 2) take part in a chess tournament 3) tournament n. 比赛；竞赛；锦标赛. (相关词汇有：contest, game, play, sport, tourney, etc.) e.g. They were defeated in the first round of the tournament. They’ve got through to the finals of the tournament.

  11. LSP LSP II Asking for and giving information about what was going on in two different classes at the same time in the past, and what was going on at a certain (point of) time in the past. 2 Practice following conversations: 1. A: What were the Class 3 students doing while the Class 1 students were having a Chinese lesson yesterday morning? B: A: What were they doing during the sports hour while many other students were playing ball games? B: 2.A: What was your class doing yesterday evening? B: Oh, we were doing different things. A: What about you? B:

  12. LSP Language points for LSP II: 1) to play chess 2) to do work on the computer 3) shadowboxing (太极拳) Chinese swordplay (中国剑术) 4) 缩略词 VCD Video Compact Disk CPC Communist Party of China WTO World Trade Organization. WHO World Health Organization NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization NAFTA North American Free Trade Agreement MFN most-favored-nation treatment

  13. LSP LSP IIIGiving information about actions completed before a certain time in the past/ before another action in the past. 3 Practice following conversations: • A: • B: No, by half past ten, we’d already had our English class. We were learning Chinese then. • A: • B: No, I was reading a magazine article on shadowboxing. I’d prepare my new lesson by then. 2.A: The Class One students were playing volleyball at half past five yesterday afternoon, weren’t they? B: A: What about the Class 2 students? Were the doing any physical exercises at that time? B: No. The sports hour is from a quarter past four to a quarter past five.

  14. D I Dialogue I Back from the Summer Camp Consider and answering following questions: • How did you spend your summer vacation after the college entrance exam? • Did you take a trip to the scenic spots and places of historical interest? • What scenic spots do you have in your hometown? Have you visited anyone of them? If yes, what impressed you most? • Have you ever been to the summer camp? What did you do in the summer camp? • Have you ever been to Mount Tai? • How much do you know about Mount Tai?

  15. D I Mount Tai

  16. D I Dialogue I Back from the Summer Camp Listening to the recording and answer the questions on specific details of this dialogue • Where did A go during the summer? What for? • What did the life in A’s summer camp like? • What did B say about his experience in a summer camp?

  17. D I Dialogue I Back from the Summer Camp Browse the text and find out sentences using following conversational strategies • Introducing a topic and asking for more information • Getting and giving more information • Closing a conversation

  18. D I Introducing a topic and asking for more information A: You know what? I’ve just come back from a wonderful summer camp. B: You have? Where did you go?

  19. D I Getting and giving more information 1) A: … What did you do at the summer camp? B: Oh, lots of things. Most of the time we studied plants, … things like that. We also had lots of fun, hiking … 2) A: ... Were there any hobby groups in your programme? B: Yes, of course. We had a number of hobby groups with varied interests. We called them “project groups”

  20. D I Closing a conversation B：You had a marvelous time this summer! Your story really brought back happy memories of my own camping experience.

  21. D I Dialogue I Back from the Summer Camp Read the dialogue loudly in pairs and find out useful expressions of the text.

  22. D I Dialogue I Back from the Summer Camp Language points 1. You know what? – This question is used to introduce a piece of information which is surprising. A similar expression is Guess what? 2. Mount Tai Mount 的缩略形式为Mt.，都放在山名前。 e.g. Mt. Qomolangma  /gu:mulanma/（珠穆朗玛峰） 3. scenic spots – places of natural attractive scenery

  23. D I Dialogue I Back from the Summer Camp Language points 4. I was greatly impressed by its natural beauty. – I was moved by its beautiful scenery. 1). impress – to influence deeply, esp. with a feeling of admiration: e.g. The students were impressed by his inspiring speech. We are impressed by his performance. 2). impress … on/upon to make the importance of sth. clear to sb. e.g. My father impressed me with the value of hard work. Impress on the young people that pride goes before a fall. 3). impressive adj. impression n. e.g. He gave a very impressive talk. The book made a deep impression on him.

  24. D I Dialogue I Back from the Summer Camp Language points 5. historic: notable or memorable in history e.g. a historic spot / event / speech historical: belong to history e.g. historical events / people/ novel 6. study tour 考察旅行 local community committee 地方委员会 7. I bet--- This is an informal expression for “I’m certain…” e.g. I bet it will be fine tomorrow. win / lose a bet

  25. D I Dialogue I Back from the Summer Camp Language points 8. It brought back such sweet memories. – Sweet memories came to my mind. bring back – to cause to return to the mind: e.g. Hearing the song brought back happy memories. 9. Not when---- This is an elliptical form in answering questions. e.g. --- My mother never loses her temper. --- Never? --- Practically, but not when we neglect our duties at home.

  26. D I Dialogue I Back from the Summer Camp Language points 10. give/ put on a performance = perform e.g. The children are giving a performance on the stage. His performance of/as Othello was very good. 11. You remind me of my last trip there. – It seems to be similar to my last trip there. remind somebody. of somebody. /something. – to appear to be similar to; to cause to remember e.g. This museum reminds me of the one we visited last year. The event reminded me of my school days.

  27. D I Dialogue I Back from the Summer Camp Language points 12. I wish I had been there with you this time. – This is a wish about a non-fact in the past. Another example, I wish I had passed the exam. 13. …, things like that; and so on; etc. e.g. He likes playing basketball, soccer, volleyball … things like that.

  28. D I Dialogue I Back from the Summer Camp Language points 14. subdivide prefix: sub- 1). part of the stated bigger whole e.g. subsection 2). under, below e.g. subway, submarine, subzero temperature 3). less important or powerful or of lower rank than e.g. subculture, subheading, substandard 15. hobby groups – different groups of students classified by hobbies.

  29. D I Dialogue I Back from the Summer Camp Language points 16. present … to ---- to give sth. away e.g. When Mr. Brown left the firm, the director presented a gold watch to him/ presented him with a gold watch. 17. Some staged an exhibition. – Some held an exhibition. stage – to perform or arrange for public show; put on e.g. The art group is going to stage an art show on Sunday. 18. marvelous: wonderful, terrific 19. hiking, climbing, camping, taking pictures

  30. D I Dialogue I Back from the Summer Camp Retell the content of the dialogue • A tells B about his summer camp life on Mount Tai. • B recalls his own experience in a summer camp two years ago and asks A if he had the same kind of experience.

  31. D I Dialogue I Back from the Summer Camp Role Play: How I spent the Summer Vacation Ask your partner about how he/she spent their past summer vocation.

  32. D II Dialogue II Introductions Expressions of introductions: 1. How to approach someone you are meeting: Excuse me, is that Bob? It’s Susan, isn’t? 2. How to respond or replay to an introduction: I’m very pleased to meet you. How do you do? I’ve been looking forward to meeting you. 3. How to introduce someone who is with you: May I introduce my friend, Jack to you? (formal) And this is the Dean of our Department, Mr. Smith. (informal)

  33. D II Dialogue II Introductions Practice: You go to the main railway station with the Deputy Dean of your college, to meet an Australian teacher, Jane Greenwood, who is traveling around China and who will give some talks at your university. Approach her, introduce yourself, and introduce the Vice Chairman to this teacher. You are in your university one day with a classmate. You have heard that an American Exchange student (Susan Wilson) is arriving that day and by chance you meet her in the corridor. Approach her; introduce yourself and your classmate.

  34. D II Dialogue II Introductions Read the dialogue loudly and find out useful expressions Chairman, Dean, President vice, deputy (delegate) looking forward to doing bumpy They shake hands (culture differences) Oxford University

  35. D II

  36. D II 牛津大学（University of Oxford），位于英国牛津市，是英语世界中最古老的大学。牛津大学和剑桥大学时常被合称为牛桥（牛剑）。他们两个作为英格兰最古老、最著名的大学，有着很久的竞争渊源。牛津大学是英国研究型大学罗素团体中的一员，也是英国大学排名中的顶级大学。大学的格言是拉丁文Dominus illuminatio mea，意思是“上帝是我的光明”(The Lord is my light)，出自《圣经》中的赞美诗 第27篇。　　牛津大学建立时间不详，因为那并不是一个独立的事件，它可以追溯到1096年于那里开始的教学。当英法关系恶化，亨利二世于1167年禁止英国学生在巴黎大学学习后，牛津开始迅速发展。也就是从此时开始，第一个学校公寓建立，之后逐渐成为学院。1209年，由于学生暴力行为，大学被解散(此事件导致了一些学生和教师离开牛津并建立了剑桥大学)。1214年6月20日，经过一名教皇使节的磋商，大学重新回到了牛津，并得到了特许。牛津大学的身份直到1571年通过的一项法案而得到证实的确定。

  37. D II 大学图书馆牛津由一个中央学校(包括校和系图书馆，以及科学实验室)，39个学院以及7个永久私人公寓(permanent private halls，PPHs)。这些学院并不只是宿舍，而是实质上负责本科生和研究生的教学。有些学院只接受研究生，而有一个学院根本就不招收学生。目前只有一个学院(St. Hilda's)只招收女生(许多教会PPHs只招收男生)。 与大多数其他大学组织结构相似，牛津大学又根据专业分为不同的系。系通常在研究生教学中扮演主要角色，提供讲座、课程以及组织考试。系也通常是被外部机构包括大型研究委员会资助的研究中心。 本科生入学由独立的学院批准，它们的学生将在学院接受导师教育，并在大学接受讲座和课程教育。而研究生的通知书则由各系首先决定，然后是与之相关的学院。 与美国的精英学校(主要是私立)不同，牛津(和剑桥)是公共机构，它们不能公然的表现“捐赠偏好”，即一个父母富有的孩子将比一个跟哈佛大学毫无关系的孩子在申请此校时占有较大的优势。 本科生必须信仰英国国教的要求于1871年废止。1920年之前，古希腊知识为必须。1960年前，则需要懂得拉丁语。而女性直到1920年后才能够得到牛津学位。

  38. R I Reading I Herbert’s Homecoming Listen to the recording, consider and answer following questions • Have you ever been abroad to spend your holiday? • Have you ever been short of money? Then what would you do? • Do you have the experience when you are misunderstood by others? • Have you ever been involved in an accident? If yes, please tell us the story.

  39. R I Reading I Herbert’s Homecoming Go over the text in 3 minutes and answer the questions on specific details of this text • Who was Herbert? • Did he go home from Cambridge to have his holidays? • Why did he come home earlier? • What was he about to do when the policemen came? • Did the policemen ask him questions as they burst into the house? • Did the policemen believe what Herbert said? • What did they take Herbert for? • Why did they take Herbert for a burglar?

  40. R I Reading I Herbert’s Homecoming Language points Cambridge Herbert went to France for holiday. – ‘for’ is a preposition used here to show purpose. e.g. I came to this building for an interview. What is this handle for? 3. run out of---- to use all one’s supplies; be completely used up e.g. I’m afraid we’ve run out of petrol. Our stocks are running out. The nurse is running out of patience.

  41. R I

  42. R I 剑桥大学成立于1209年，是世界十大学府之一，73位诺贝尔奖得主出自此校。剑桥大学位于风景秀丽的剑桥镇，著名的康河横贯其间。剑桥大学有31个学院，有三个女子学院，两个专门的研究生院，各学院历史背景不同，实行独特的学院制，风格各异的35所学院经济上自负盈亏；剑桥大学负责生源规划和教学工作，各学院内部录取步骤各异，每个学院在某种程度上就像一个微型大学，有自己的校规校纪。    剑桥的许多地方保留着中世纪以来的风貌，到处可见几百年来不断按原样精心维修的古城建筑，许多校舍的门廊、墙壁上仍然装饰着古朴庄严的塑像和印章，高大的染色玻璃窗像一幅幅瑰丽的画面。剑桥大学有教师(教授、副教授、讲师)1,000余名，另外还有1,000余名访问学者。剑桥大学共有学生16,900名，其中包括6,935名研究生，72%的研究生来自其它大学，研究生中42%是国外留学生，女生占36%。大学校长为女王丈夫菲历普亲王(他同时兼任牛津大学校长)，设一名常务副校长主持日常工作。

  43. R I Reading I Herbert’s Homecoming Language points 4. … than he had expected to. e.g. The exam was a bit easier than he had expected. It wasn’t as hot as I expected. expect – to think or believe (that something will happen) e.g. I expect that she will come to our party. The spokesman is expected to make an announcement later on today.

  44. R I Reading I Herbert’s Homecoming Language points 5. midnight ---- in the middle of the night; 12 o’clock at night prefix: mid-- in the middle of; among e.g. midway, midsummer, Mid-autumn Festival 6. The back door burst open. – The door opened suddenly. burst – 1). to come into the stated condition suddenly and often violently: e.g. He burst into the room. The oil burst out of the ground. The sun burst through the clouds. In spring the flowers burst open. He burst free from the chains.

  45. R I Reading I Herbert’s Homecoming Language points 2). cause to fly apart or break violently, explode 爆炸，胀破 e.g. We drove over some glass and one of the tires burst. burst a tire/balloon 3). burst into, send out suddenly 突然发出burst into tears/laughter e.g. As soon as the child saw his mother, he burst into tears. burst out laughing /crying Another similar use of the pattern: The door banged shut.

  46. R I Reading I Herbert’s Homecoming Language points 7. on holiday ---- (on before a noun ) in a state or process of … e.g. on fire/sale/ purpose 8. go on ---- to continue without stopping or without change 1). go on doing e.g. She didn’t want to go on being a secretary all her life. 2). go on with e.g. Go on with your work. 3). go on to do sth. e.g. After describing the planned improvements, she went on to explain how much they would cost.

  47. R I Reading I Herbert’s Homecoming Language points 9. settle ---- to end (an argument, esp. in law); bring (a matter to an agreement) e.g. They settled their quarrel/difference in a friendly way. The two companies settled their dispute out of court. 10. sandy-haired ---- (compound adjectives: adj/adv.-n/v+ed) e.g. red-haired, bad-tempered, well-written, well-trained

  48. R I Reading I Herbert’s Homecoming Language points 11. 1). peer at – to look very carefully or hard, esp. as if not able to see clearly 2). peek at – to take a quick look at something when one should not 3). peep at – to look at something quickly and secretly, esp. through a hole or other small opening

  49. R I Reading I Herbert’s Homecoming Language points 12. convince – to make (someone) completely certain about something; persuade e.g. They failed to convince the directors that their proposal would work. I am convinced by your story. We finally convinced them of our innocence. Her smile convinced her that she was happy. Your explanation might have convinced Mary, but it didn’t convince me.

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