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www.erasmus-artist.eu. This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication [communication] reflects the views only of the author, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.

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  1. www.erasmus-artist.eu

  2. This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication [communication] reflects the views only of the author, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.

  3. Action Research Methods: Interviews- A crashcourse -Nadja Frerichs

  4. A warm-up…

  5. A warm-up… • Find a partner • Eachofthepartnerschoosesoneofthefollwoingroles… • …interviewer • …interviewee • Youhavefiveminutestoprepareforthe interview: • Interviewer: preparesquestions • Interviewee: makesnotes on thetopic • Youhavetenminutestoconductthe interview • Open format!

  6. A warm-up… • Conductthe interview on thefollowingtopic: „Student-centeredlearning in scienceeducation“ 10 mins.

  7. Time toreflect… Howdidyoufeel? Whichstrategiesdidyouuseforformulatingthequestions? What was yourfirstquestion? Werethereanyproblems/difficulties? Howmuchdidtheinterviewertalk?

  8. TheoreticalInput

  9. Whyinterviews? • Goal: Toreconstruct an in-depthunderstandingof individual thinkingstructures • Openness vs. structuredness • Explorative character vs. standardization • Possibleimplementationas a preparationor a follow-upfordesigning a questionnaire

  10. But… • …interviewsare time-consuming • …interviewsareresource intensive • …theinterviewerispartofthemeasurementinstrumentandhastobewelltrained • …interview datarequireinterpretation • …therearecommonmistakesfrequentlymade in interviews

  11. Somequalitycriteria

  12. TypesofinterviewsaccordingtoMayring (2002):

  13. Creating an interview guide • Problem analysis (starting from the research question) • Questions: CollectCheck SortSubsume • Sequenceofquestions • start with general questions about the topic (exploratory questions)  plan well!! • particularly important questions in the second third • preparesupportingmaterial in advance In advance:

  14. The interview process • Content preparation • Piloting (!) • Organizational preparation • Data collection • General notes (documentation) • Transcription • Evaluation • Archiving the material

  15. General typesofquestions • Guiding question: requestfor open narration • Maintenance question: Does not provide a new topic, but maintains the narrative flow • Questions for clarification

  16. Specifictypesofquestions • Open introductory impulses: "Please describe how you introduce the atomic model." • Assignments with or without material: "Please draw what you understand by the carbon cycle." • Interpretation of texts, tables or diagrams • In-depth questions: "You mentioned methane as a pollutant earlier. Please describe what you mean by that." • Validation interventions: "Please summarize what you mean by the greenhouse effect." • Final intervention: "Is there something you still want to address on this topic?" • Spontaneous ad-hoc interventions

  17. Checklist before the beginning of the interview • How can a relaxed and pleasant conversation atmosphere be created? • How can I encourage the interviewee to talk? • How can communication be maintained despite my own shyness? • How to deal with pauses? • Am I sufficiently familiar with the guide?

  18. „Pitfalls “ Factualknowledge • "In which year did the first climate summit take place?" • "Have you ever used a model in your chemistry lessons?" • "You're at a high school, I assume your classes are very heterogeneous?" • "Mechanics is a complex topic, right?" • "That is very interesting!" • "If I understood you correctly, we have a similar view on that." • "So you have a rather negative attitude towards cooperative learning." • "Don’t you think that you could teach the subject differently?" Yes/No-Question Indicationofexpectations Suggestive Judgemental Giveninterpretation Checkingownunderstanding Judgemental

  19. A quick glimpseintodataanalysis Thereare different methodstoanalyzethedata, e.g.: • Groundedtheory • Qualitative contentanalysis • Deductive • Inductive • Thematiccontentanalysis • Narrative analysis • …

  20. References: • Campion, M.A., Campion, J.E., & Hudson, J.P., Jr. (1994). Structured Interviewing: A Note on Incremental Validity and Alternative Question Types, Journal of Applied Psychology, 79, 998-1002. • Kvale, S. (1996). Interviews: An Introduction to Qualitative Research Interviewing, Sage Publications. • Trochim, W. (2002). Types of Surveys, Research Methods Knowledge Base.

  21. More in the -guidebook!

  22. Questions?

  23. Contactme: n.frerichs@uni-bremen.de www.chemiedidaktik.uni-bremen.de

  24. Thankyouforyourattention!

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