1 / 22

Understanding the Kinetic Molecular Theory and Heat Transfer Mechanisms

This lesson delves into the Kinetic Molecular Theory, explaining how particles in matter move and interact to transfer thermal energy. It covers key concepts such as temperature, heat, and the methods of thermal energy transfer: conduction, convection, and radiation. Students will learn about thermal conductors and insulators, the effects of temperature on particle motion, and the changes of state in matter driven by heat. Understanding these fundamental principles is essential for grasping how energy exchanges occur in various physical processes.

zelia
Télécharger la présentation

Understanding the Kinetic Molecular Theory and Heat Transfer Mechanisms

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Particles in Motion • convection • vaporization • thermal conductor • thermal insulator • temperature • heat • conduction • radiation

  2. Lesson 3-1 Kinetic Molecular Theory • Particles in Motion • A. Kinetic Molecular Theory • 1. The transfer of thermal energy depends on the movement of particles in the material.

  3. Lesson 3-1 • 2. The kinetic molecular theory of matter explains how particles move. • a. Particles make up all matter. • b. Particles are in constant, random motion. • c. Particles constantly collide with each other and with thewalls of their container.

  4. Lesson 3-1 Kinetic Molecular Theory(cont.) What are the three points of the kinetic molecular theory?

  5. Lesson 3-1 Kinetic Molecular Theory(cont.) • 3. Temperature is the measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a material. • a. If the particles in a material have little kinetic energy, the material feels cold. • b. The SI unit for temperature is Kelvin (K). • c. Another temperature unit often used by scientists is Celsius (C).

  6. Lesson 3-1 Kinetic Molecular Theory(cont.) When water is cooled to near its freezing point, interactions between water molecules push the molecules apart.

  7. Lesson 3-1 Kinetic Molecular Theory(cont.) • 4. Thermal expansionis the increase in volume that a material undergoeswhen its temperature increases. • a. At higher temperatures, the particles in matter move faster, requiring more volume because they collide more often,pushing each other apart. • b. Thermal contraction is the decrease in a material’s volume when its temperature decreases.

  8. Lesson 3-1 When you put a warm bottle of water in a cold refrigerator, thermal energy is transferred.

  9. Lesson 3-1 Kinetic Molecular Theory(cont.) • 5. Kinetic energy is transferred from one material to another one when their particles collide. • 6. Heat is the movement of thermal energy from a region of highertemperature to a region of lower temperature. • 7. Materials are said to be in thermal equilibrium when the temperatures ofmaterials that are touching are equal.

  10. Lesson 3-1 Kinetic Molecular Theory(cont.) equilibrium from Latin aequus, means “equal”; and libra, means “a balance or scale”

  11. Lesson 3-2 • B. Heat Transfer • 1. Conductionis the transfer of thermal energy due to collisionsbetween particles in matter. • 2. Radiationis the transfer of thermal energy by electromagneticwaves. • 3. Convection is the transfer of thermal energy by the movementof the particles from one part of a material to another.

  12. Lesson 3-2 Conduction, radiation, and convection are ways in which thermal energy is transferred.

  13. Lesson 3-2 Heat Transfer (cont.) In what three ways is thermal energy transferred?

  14. Lesson 3-3 Heat and Changes of State • C. Heat and Changes of State • 1. When thermal energy is added to solid ice, its temperature increasesuntil it starts to melt, changing to liquid water. • 2. When thermal energy is removed from liquid water, its temperaturedecreases until it starts to freeze, changing to solid ice.

  15. Lesson 3-3 Heat and Changes of State (cont.) • 3. When thermal energy is added to liquid water, its temperature increasesuntil it starts to vaporize, changing to a gas. • 4. When thermal energy is removed from a gas, it changes to a(n) liquidthrough a process called condensation.

  16. Lesson 3-3 Heat and Changes of State (cont.) • 5. Sublimation occurs when a solid absorbs energy and changes directly to a gas without first becoming a(n) liquid. • 6. Deposition occurs when a gas changes directly to a solid withoutfirst becoming a(n) liquid.

  17. Lesson 3-3 Heat and Changes of State (cont.) sublime Science Use to change from a solid state to a gas state without passing through the liquid state Common Use inspiring awe; supreme, outstanding, or lofty in thought or language

  18. Lesson 3-4 Conductors and Insulators • D. Conductors and Insulators • 1. Thermal energy moves quickly in a thermal conductor. • 2. Thermal energy moves slowly in a thermal insulator

  19. Lesson 3-4 Conductors and Insulators(cont.) How do thermal conductors differ from thermal insulator?

  20. Lesson 3 - VS • The kinetic molecular theory explains how particles move in matter.

  21. Lesson 3 - VS • Thermal energy is transferred in various ways by particles and waves. • Materials vary in how well they conduct thermal energy.

More Related