Virginia Studies SOL Review

1. Virginia Studies SOL Review 4th Grade

2. VS.2a Bordering States Go counterclockwise starting with Maryland. Mustard With Ketchup Tastes Nasty Maryland West Virginia Kentucky Tennessee North Carolina

3. VS.2b Geographic Regions Can Pit Bulls Vote Again Coastal Plain Piedmont Blue Ridge Mountains Valley and Ridge Appalachian Plateau Go right to left!

4. VS.2b Geographic Regions Coastal Plain (Tidewater) • Flat land • Near Atlantic Ocean and Chesapeake Bay • East of the Fall Line

5. VS.2b Geographic Regions Fall Line • (Not a region) • The natural border between the Coastal Plain and Piedmont regions • Waterfalls prevent further travel on the river

6. VS.2b Geographic Regions Piedmont • (Land at the foot of the mountains) • Rolling Hills • West of the Fall Line

7. VS.2b Geographic Regions Blue Ridge Mountains • Old, rounded mountains • Part of Appalachian mountain system • Between Piedmont and Valley and Ridge • Source of many rivers

8. VS.2b Geographic Regions Valley and Ridge • Includes the Great Valley of Virginia and other valleys separated by ridges • Part of Appalachian mountain system • West of Blue Ridge Mountains

9. VS.2b Geographic Regions Appalachian Plateau • Plateau: Area of elevated land that is flat on top • Located in Southwest Virginia • Only a small part of the plateau is located in VA

10. VS.2c Water Features Please Recite Your Jokes Potomac Rappahannock York James Rivers: North to South

11. VS.2c Water Features Atlantic Ocean • Provided transportation links between Virginia and other places Chesapeake Bay • Provided a safe harbor • Was a source of food and transportation

12. VS.2c Water Features Potomac River • Flows into the Chesapeake Bay • Alexandria is located along the Potomac River - Alexeats Potatoes • Source of food and pathway for exploration and settlement of VA

13. VS.2c Water Features Rappahannock River • Flows into the Chesapeake Bay • Fredericksburg is located on the Rappahannock River - Fred likes to Rap • Source of food and pathway for exploration and settlement of VA

14. VS.2c Water Features York River • Flows into the Chesapeake Bay • Yorktown located along the YorkRiver • Source of food and pathway for exploration and settlement of VA

15. VS.2c Water Features James River • Flows into the Chesapeake Bay • Richmond and Jamestown are located along the JamesRiver - King James is Rich • Source of food and pathway for exploration and settlement of VA

16. VS.2c Water Features Lake Drummond • Located in Coastal Plain region • Shallow natural lake surrounded by Dismal Swamp Dismal Swamp • Located in Coastal Plain region • Variety of wildlife • George Washington explored and surveyed

17. VS.2c Water Features The Eastern Shore • A peninsula: a piece of land bordered by water on three sides • Bordered by the Chesapeake Bay to the West and the Atlantic Ocean to the East • Part of Coastal Plain (Tidewater) region

18. VS.2d American Indian Language Groups • Christopher Columbus called the native people he found in the lands he explored “Indians” because he thought he was in the Indies (near China) • Artifacts such as arrowheads, pottery, and tools that have been found tell a lot about the people who lived in Virginia

19. VS.2d American Indian Language Groups Three Major Language Groups: • Algonquian • Siouan • Iroquoian

20. VS.2d American Indian Language Groups Algonquian • Spoken primarily in the Tidewater region • Powhatans were part of the Algonquian group - PA

21. VS.2d American Indian Language Groups Siouan • Spoken primarily in the Piedmont region • Monacan were part of theSiouan group - MS

22. VS.2d American Indian Language Groups Iroquoian • Spoken in Southwestern Virginia and in Southern Virginia near what is today North Carolina • The Cherokee were a part of the Iroquoian group - IC “I see”

23. VS.2e American Indians and Climate Relation Climate in Virginia • Relatively mild with distinct seasons – spring, summer, fall, and winter – resulting in a variety of vegetation • Forests, which have a variety of trees, cover most of the land. • Virginia’s Indians are referred to as Eastern Woodland Indians

24. VS.2e American Indians and Climate Relation Environmental Connections • The kinds of food they ate, the clothing they wore, and the shelters they had depended on the seasons. • Animal skins (deerskin) were used for clothing • Shelter was made from materials around them.

25. VS.2e American Indians and Climate Relation Foods changed with the seasons • In winter, they hunted birds and animals and lived on stored foods from the previous fall • In spring, they hunted, fished and picked berries • In summer, they grew crops (beans, corn, squash) • In fall, they harvested crops, and hunted for foods to preserve and keep for the winter

26. VS.2e American Indians and Climate Relation

27. VS.2f Archaeology of Werowocomoco and Jamestown • Archaeologists study all kinds of material evidence left from people of the past • They help us understand the past

28. VS.2f Archaeology of Werowocomoco and Jamestown

29. VS.2f Archaeology of Werowocomoco and Jamestown

30. VS.2g Current State-Recognized Tribes • American Indians, who trace their family history back to before 1607, continue to live in all parts of Virginia today.

31. VS.2g Current State-Recognized Tribes Coastal Plain Region • Chickahominy Tribe • Eastern Chickahominy Tribe • Mattaponi Tribe • Nansemond Tribe • Pamunkey Tribe • Rappahannock Tribe • Upper Mattaponi Tribe Piedmont Region • Monacan Tribe

32. VS.3a Reasons for English Colonization Reasons for English colonization in America • England wanted to establish an American colony to increase itswealth and power - England hoped to find silver and gold in America - An American settlement would furnish raw materials that could not be grown or obtained in England, while opening new markets for trade

33. VS.3a Reasons for English Colonization Jamestown • Primarily an economic venture • The stockholders of the Virginia company of London financed the settlement • Jamestown became the first permanent English settlement in North America in 1607

34. VS.3b Geography of Jamestown When the settlers arrived in 1607, Jamestown was located on a narrow peninsula bordered on three sides by the James River. Today, Jamestown is located on an island in the James River. Reasons for Site Choice • Could be easily defended from attack by sea (Spanish) • Water along the shore was deep enough for ships to dock • Believed they had a good supply of fresh water

35. VS.3c The Virginia Company of London Charters Importance of Virginia Charters • The King of England granted charters to the Virginia Company of London to: - establish a settlement in North America - extend English rights to the settlers

36. VS.3d The Virginia Assembly System of Government • In 1619, the governor of Virginia called a meeting of the General Assembly. • The assembly included two representatives (called “burgesses”) from each of the divisions of Virginia, the governor’s council, and the governor. They met as one legislative body. • At that time, only certain free adult men had the right to take part

37. VS.3d The Virginia Assembly Virginia House of Burgesses • By the 1640’s the burgesses became a separate legislative body, called the House of Burgesses. • They met separately from the Governor’s Council as one of the two legislative bodies of the General Assembly • The House of Burgesses was the first elected legislative body in English America giving settlers the opportunity to control their own government. • The current Virginia General Assembly dates from the establishment of the House of Burgesses at Jamestown in 1619

38. VS.3e Africans and Women • Portuguese sailors captured African men and women from present-day Angola. The status of these early Africans as servants or slaves in Virginia is unknown • Africans arrived in Jamestown against their will in 1619. • The arrival of Africans made it possible to expand the tobacco economy.

39. VS.3e Africans and Women • The arrival of additional women in 1620 made it possible for more settlers to establish families and a permanent settlement at Jamestown.

40. VS.3f Hardships in Jamestown Hardships Faced by the Settlers • The site they chose to live on was marshy and lacked safe drinking water • The settlers lacked some skills necessary to provide for themselves • Many settlers died of starvation and disease

41. VS.3f Hardships in Jamestown Changes that Resulted in Survival • Arrival of supply ships • Forced work program and strong leadership of Captain John Smith • Emphasis on agriculture

42. VS.3g Interactions Between English and Native Peoples Powhatan and English Interactions • Captain John Smith initiated trading relationships with the native peoples.

43. VS.3g Interactions Between English and Powhatan People Contribution of the Native Peoples to the Survival of Jamestown Settlers • Powhatan, chief of many tribes, provided leadership to his people and taught the settlers survival skills • Pocahontas, daughter of Chief Powhatan, served as a contact between the native peoples and the English • The native peoples showed the settlers how to plant corn and tobacco

44. VS.3g Interactions Between English and Powhatan People How the Relationship Changed • The native peoples realized the English settlement would continue to grow • They came to see the settlers as invaders whowould take over their land

45. VS.4a Agriculture and Slavery Agriculture’s Effect on the Colony • The economy of the Virginia colony depended on agriculture as a primary source of wealth. • Tobacco became the most profitable agricultural product. It was sold to England as a cash crop. • Cash crop: A crop that is grown to sell for money rather than for use by the grower

46. VS.4a Agriculture and Slavery Agriculture’s Influence on Slavery • The successful planting of tobacco depended on a steady and inexpensive source of labor • African men, women, and children were brought to the colony against their will to work as slaves on the plantations. • The Virginia colony became dependent on slave labor, which lasted a long time.

47. VS.4b Culture of Colonial Virginia Culture of Colonial Virginia • Whenever people settle an area, they change the culture and landscape to reflect their beliefs, customs, and architecture. • Examples of architecture that reflect different cultures include: - Barns - Homes - Places of worship (churches)

48. VS.4b Culture of Colonial Virginia Place Names Reflecting Culture • There are names of cities and towns in Virginia that reflect both English and American Indian culture • English – Richmond • American Indian - Roanoke

49. VS.4b Culture of Colonial Virginia Settlement Areas • English and other Europeans – primarily in Coastal Plainand Piedmont regions • Germans and Scots-Irish – primarily in the Shenandoah Valley, along the migration route • Africans – primarily in the Coastal Plainand Piedmont regions, where tobacco agriculture required labor • Prior to the arrival of the settlers, American Indians lived throughout Virginia. After the settlers arrived, most were forced inland

50. VS.4b Culture of Colonial Virginia • Migration and living in new areas caused people to adapt old customs to their new environment • The culture of Virginia reflected American Indian, African, and European origins