APUSH Content Review #6

1. APUSH Content Review #6 WW2, Cold War, & 1950s JFK-Nixon (1960-1974) Ford-Reagan (1974-1988)

2. Cold War & 1950s Review

3. Which was NOT an example of Containment under Harry Truman? • Marshall Plan • Suez Crisis • NSC-68 • Berlin Airlift

4. Harry Truman aided the cause of civil rights by • denouncing Southern support in the 1948 presidential election • desegregating the armed forces • integrating the public schools • integrating restaurants, movie theaters, and interstate travel

5. Eisenhower & Secretary of State, John Foster Dulles, used the Cold War strategy of • flexible response • Strategic Defense Initiative • zero option policy • massive retaliation

6. Critics of McCarthyism in the 1950s stressed the idea that • the government should always be on guard against Communism • fears of Communism can lead to the erosion of constitutional liberties • loyalty oaths can prevent espionage • the House Un-American Activities Committee should demand loyalty oaths from government officials

7. President Eisenhower was associated with each of the following EXCEPT • ending almost all of FDR’s New Deal programs of the 1930s • construction of the interstate highway system • forcing school integration in Little Rock, Arkansas • warning against the influence of the military-industrial complex

8. The Soviet Union's launching of Sputnik in 1957 immediately led to • massive federal aid to American higher education • the Suez Crisis • ending the Korean War by signing an armistice • the U-2 Incident

9. The 1956 Montgomery bus boycott • started with sit-ins after Martin Luther King’s March on Washington • led to the creation of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference • lasted for three weeks and failed to achieve its goal • resulted from the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr

10. All of the following factors helped the growth of suburbs EXCEPT • low-cost gov’t loans for housing • expanded road and highway construction • laws outlawing racial segregation in the suburbs • increased automobile production

11. The mood of the "Beat Generation" is best reflected with • Jack Kerouac's On the Road • F. Scott Fitzgerald's This Side of Paradise • Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman • J. D. Sallinger's Catcher in the Rye

12. Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring • argued that the use of pesticides were dangerous to the environment • criticized the boring lives of American suburban housewives • criticized American materialism and consumer spending • described the lack of political activism of most Americans during the 1950s

13. Cold War Divisions At Yalta, Stalin agreed to allow self-determination in Eastern Europe By Potsdam, Stalin had extended his control over Eastern Europe to create a buffer zone between the USSR & its future enemies

14. Foreign Policy: Containment Domestic Policy: Gov’t Changes Marshall Plan NSC-68 Truman Doctrine CIA North Atlantic Treaty Organization Dept of Defense & Nuclear Weapons Truman: Berlin Airlift, China, & Korea Truman: Red Scare & McCarthyism Eisenhower: Massive Retaliation, Sputnik, Vietnam Eisenhower: NASA, Suburbs, Interstate Highways

15. America in the 1950s • $64,000 Question • 21 Questions • Bonanza • The Untouchables • I Love Lucy • 1950s TV networks

16. Kennedy-Nixon (1960-1974) Review

17. During the Kennedy-Khrushchev era, the U.S. & USSR came close to war over Cuba and? • Vietnam • Berlin • China • the Middle East

18. Kennedy’s Alliance for Progress and Peace Corps can be most accurately called an added dimension of • the Truman Doctrine • Wilson’s League of Nations • Franklin Roosevelt' Lend-Lease Act • Franklin Roosevelt' Good Neighbor policy

19. Until 1964, civil rights leaders used all of the following tactics to end discrimination EXCEPT • "sit-ins" at public lunch counters. • March on Washington • extensive violence by blacks • "freedom riders" on public buses

20. Kennedy decided to remove Diem from the presidency of South Vietnam when Diem • massacred a large number of Viet Cong • attacked the country's Buddhists • refused to allow U.S. soldiers to engage in combat • had his own brother shot for treason

21. The centerpiece of Lyndon Johnson's “war on poverty” was the • Department of Family Services, with an emphasis on social work • Head Start program, with an emphasis on pre-school • Office of Economic Opportunity, with an emphasis on job training • Agency for Economic Advancement, with an emphasis on minority hiring

22. Lyndon Johnson received authorization for the use of force in Vietnam through the • Truman Doctrine • Gulf of Tonkin Resolution • Tet Offensive • War Powers Act of 1973

23. Both the New Frontier and Great Society shared the idea that • foreign trade should be cut to a minimum • the federal gov’t should meet the needs of the less fortunate • taxes should be raised to stimulate consumer spending • key industries should be nationalized

24. The use of poll taxes to inhibit black voters in the South was outlawed by the • 24th Amendment • Civil Rights Act of 1964 • Voting Rights Act of 1965 • War on Poverty

25. In both the Korean War and Vietnam War • the U.S. was locked in a stalemate with the Communist forces • United Nations sanctioned the U. S. efforts to stop Communism • U.S. fought for years without a Congressional declaration of war • lack of U. S. success led to a large anti-war movement at home

26. Of the 5 major civil rights acts passed during the period 1957-1968, the Voting Rights Act of 1965 is the most far-reaching because: • prior to 1965, there was no legal guarantee of the right to vote for blacks • voting rights would put an end to riots and racial violence • voting is a means whereby other basic rights could be secured • Malcolm X was a strong advocate of the Voting Rights Act of 1965

27. In Miranda v. Arizona, the Supreme Court declared that • police had to advise a suspect of his constitutional right to remain silent • affirmative action quota systems are unconstitutional • all people accused of crimes have a right to an attorney • racially segregated schools are inherently unequal

28. The counter-culture of the 1960s promoted all of the following EXCEPT • free love and a sexual revolution • attacking the war in Vietnam • a new emphasis on religion • the questioning of government and university policies

29. The invasion of Cambodia by U. S. and South Vietnamese forces in 1970: • resulted in a crushing defeat of the U. S. forces • revived the antiwar and led to large demonstrations • was the last major encounter of the war involving U. S. troops • led to Chinese intervention on the side of the North Vietnamese

30. All of the following occurred during the presidency of Richard Nixon EXCEPT • the Watergate break-in and consequent Congressional hearings • diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China • an attempt to end the Arab-Israeli conflict through "Shuttle Diplomacy“ • the end of Carter’s Vietnamization policy

31. Which is generally regarded as THE major success of the Nixon administration? • the Watergate scandal • War Powers Act of 1973 • the SALT I Agreement • détente with the USSR and China

32. The 1971 Supreme Court decision the New York Times Company v. U.S. (Pentagon Papers case) is important because: • it forced Nixon to end his “enemies list” • the 1st Amendment protected the publication even if it threatened national security • It forced Nixon to resign as president • it revealed that the Watergate break-in was more involved than previously thought

33. Gulf of Tonkin Resolution & Tet Offensive The Cold War: 1948-1975 Cold War under Kennedy & Johnson: 1961-1968

34. Civil Rights Brown v BOE overturned Plessy v Ferguson Central H.S. in Little Rock, Arkansas MLK: Montgomery Bus Boycott, SCLC, March on Washington Violence in Birmingham led to the Civil Rights Act of 1964 Violence in Selma led to the Voting Rights Act of 1965 Black Power: SNCC & Black Panthers

35. Is this the nation’s youth?? Drugs 1968 Sex Tet Offensive & the height of Vietnam War Rock ‘n’ Roll Democratic National Convention No work ethic? Mostly children from upper-middle class families Assassinations of Martin Luther King & Robert Kennedy

37. Ford—Reagan(1974-1988)Review

38. The Ford administration was different from any other in history because • the vice president was also the Attorney General • Ford made no appointments to the Supreme Court • neither the president nor the vice president had been elected to office • Congress asserted power in the field of foreign policy

39. Which was NOT a major issue under Jimmy Carter?: • Iranian hostage crisis • inflation • pardoning Nixon for Watergate • the Camp David Accords

40. The first candidate to nominate a woman (Geraldine Ferraro) as his vice-presidential running mate was • Carter in 1976 • Reagan in 1980 • Mondale in 1984 • Dukakis in 1988

41. In his first year in office, President Reagan tackled the issue of inflation by • establishing a Dept of Energy • encouraging Congress to pass a new tax law reducing income taxes • repealing the minimum wage law • increasing military spending to an effort to win the Cold War

42. Reagan faced his gravest foreign policy challenge over his illegal support for: • Nicaraguan Contras • the Ayatollah Khomeini in Iran • the Strategic Defense Initiative • the MX missile system

43. The conservative movement by 1980 was supported by all of the following EXCEPT • the Moral Majority • opponents of affirmative action • advocates of women’s abortion rights • supporters of supply-side economics

44. The INF Treaty negotiated by Reagan and Gorbachev • ended the Cold War by forcing the USSR into economic collapse • eliminated intermediate-range nuclear missiles • doubled the amount of wheat sold annually to the Soviet Union • heightened the Cold War between the two superpowers

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