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The Babylonian Captivity and the Rise of Early Protestantism: Church vs. State

This unit explores the Babylonian Captivity of the Papacy and the early Protestant movements amid the political turmoil of the late Middle Ages. It highlights the power struggle between Church and State as Edward I and Phillip IV imposed taxes on the Church to fund their war. Pope Boniface VIII's efforts to assert papal authority led to confrontations, including his arrest by Phillip. The Great Schism saw rival popes claiming authority, while early reformers like John Wycliffe and Jan Huss challenged ecclesiastical corruption, paving the way for the Protestant Reformation.

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The Babylonian Captivity and the Rise of Early Protestantism: Church vs. State

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Unit 5 The Babylonian Captivity of the Church The Schism Early Protestants

  2. The catalyst • War between England and France (1294) • The Kings of both countries Edward I (England) and Phillip IV the fair (Fr) decided to pay for the war by taxing the church • Pope Boniface VIII calls this “an assault on the Church” • Phillip responded by keeping Church revenue in France • Edward denied the clergy protection of law • Boniface backed down Victory of State over Church

  3. The fight continues in France • Phillip arrested a French Bishop to assert his control over the French Church • Called the Pope a heretic • Boniface issues 2 Papal Bulls • Asculta fili”…God has placed popes above Kings • Followed by “Unum Sanctum” • Phillip arrests the Pope who is beaten badly and died shortly after his release • Phillip pressured Clement V to settle at Avignon in 1309 (lasts until 1377) (The Babylonian Captivity of the Papacy)

  4. The Great Schism (1378-1417) • Gregory XI returns to Rome in 1378 and dies • The people of Rome demand an Italian Pope • The Cardinals elect Urban VI(an arrogant tactless reformer) • Result: Cardinals elect another “Anti-Pope” Clement VII who returns the Papacy to Avignon and began the Great Schism

  5. Resolution • The Council of Pisa elects a new Pope Alexander V who rules from Pisa) • Problem: Now 3 Popes • The Council of Constance (1414-1418) • Elect Martin V (1417-1431) who disbanded the council before they could deal with anything else (corruption, heresy)

  6. Early Protests • John Wycliffe (d.1384) • Leader of the “Lollards” in England • Oxford theologian • Supremacy of scripture • Royal power over Pope • Poverty of clergy • 1st Engl. Translation of Bible

  7. Early protests • Jan Huss • Many of the same ideas as Wycliffe • Also a bohemian nationalist • Burned at the stake to begin the Council of Constance

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