Industrial Animals and Environmental Impact

1. Industrial Animals and Environmental Impact ANSC 3

2. Unit Map: Follow Along in your packet WHAT ARE YOU LEARNING? AS.02.03: Identify technological advances in animal agriscience. AS.03: Identify breeds of economically important animal species. AS.03.02: Recognize breed improvements and industry standards.

3. Know Understand Do! Know Definition of industrial animal Use of industrial animals Environmental impacts of intensive farming Do • Outline general care of industrial animals • Describe slaughter regulations • Design regulatory processes for industrial farms incorporating environmental protection Understand • Types of industrial animals • Processing procedures and regulations • Relationships between environment and farming processes

4. Key Learning: Industrial Farming and the Environmental Impact Unit EQ: How can consumers and farmers practice environmental stewardship? Concept : Industrial Animals Lesson EQ: How are industrial animals defined? Vocab Industrial Animal Concept : Environmental Impacts Lesson EQ: What impact does industrial farming have on the planet? Vocab Pollution, CAFO Concept : Products and Processing Lesson EQ: What role do industrial animals play in society? Vocab HACCP, OSHA

5. Contents 1. Intro to Industrial Animals 1. 1 Cattle (Beef and Dairy) 1. 2 Swine 1. 3 Poultry 2. Products and Processing 2.1Processing and Safety 2.2 Products and Packaging 2.3 Safety at home , Avoiding health risks 3. Environmental Impact 3.1 Cause 3.2 Effect 3.3 What’s being done?

6. Industrial Animals and Environmental Impact 1. Intro to Industrial Animals 1. 1 Cattle (Beef and Dairy)

7. Warm Up • Which is Which?

8. Industrial Animal Defined • Any animal produced on a mass scale used for food, or food products. • Typically raised on a farm setting • Examples: • Cattle • Swine • Poultry

9. Cattle BEEF DAIRY Natural bi products used to make food for human consumption Normally go into hamburger meat once finished producing • Reared for their meat • Bi-products and solid muscle cuts utilized

10. Beef Cattle Breeds • Typical Beef Cattle Breeds • Black Angus • Charolais • Hereford • Limousin • Simmental

11. Beef Cattle Basic Requirements • Care: • Vaccines and antibiotics • Castration and Spaying (Females) • Determines meat quality and grade • A.I. and selective breeding • Polling / Dehorning • Safety of handlers and animal • Feed (depends on stage of life) • Forages • Pasture • Concentrated High Protein Grains • Housing • Fields, walk in stalls, feed lots

12. Beef Cattle Common Diseases • EBA • Trichomonosis • Pink eye

13. Major Areas of Production in US

14. Activity Break • Beef Cattle Packet with Questions • Please work in GROUPS to answer the questions on the attached worksheet • EACH GROUP MEMBER must produce their own work and turn it into the bin once finished.

15. DAIRY Cattle Common Breeds • Holstien • Guernsey • Brown Swiss • Jersey • Ayrshire

16. Dairy Cattle Care Requirements • Care: • Vaccines and antibiotics • A.I. and selective breeding • Polling / Dehorning • Safety of handlers and animal • Feed (depends on stage of life) • Forages • Pasture • Concentrated High Protein Grains • Housing • Fields, walk in stalls

17. Dairy Cattle Common Diseases • Dystocia • Difficulty calving • Prolapsed Uterus • Cow has pushed uterus outside body- “inside out” • Milk Fever • Hypocalcemia- low calcium in blood

18. Top Dairy Production States

19. Review Activity Dairy vs. Beef • Make a Ven Diagram • Compare and Contrast • Care aspects • Health problems • Top producing states • Answer the following: • Why are care aspects the same, but health concerns different? • What geographical features or placement of the dairy states makes them “Good” for dairy but not for Beef? And Vice Versa? Why is a beef state not a dairy state?

20. Industrial Animals and Environmental Impact 1. Intro to Industrial Animals 1. 2 Swine

21. Swine Breeds Dark Breeds White Breeds used for their reproductive abilities such as mothering ability, litter size, and milking ability. • used for their production abilities such as meatiness, leanness, durability, growth rate, and feed efficiency.

22. Top Breeds Dark Breeds White Breeds Chester White Landrace Yorkshire • Berkshire • Duroc • Hampshire • Poland China • Spot

23. Swine Care Requirements • Care • Pigs over heat easily • Vaccines, Dewormed, antibiotics • Feed • Concentrated grain • “Slop” on home farms • Housing • Wallows for cooling • Must be able to lie down • Farrowing crates

24. Common Swine Diseases • Atrophic Rhinitis • Caused by Bordetella bronchiseptica, Destroys the nasal turbinates, Significantly affects growth rate and feed efficiency • E. Coli scours • Highly contagious disease, Mortality may be high, effect piglets • Leptospirosis • Causes both arthritis and pneumonia in growing-finishing pigs , Prevented by vaccination every 6 months

25. Hog Farm Density in US

26. Activity Break • Farrowing Crate Reading Parts one and two • Please answer the questions about Farrowing Crates • Farrowing Crate research part three • In groups, please research the questions on the second half of your paper.

27. Review Activity • Vocab! • Farrowing, Crate, Nest Box, Sow, Piglet, bedding, Overheat, Manure, Floor, Suckle • Make a Web! • Use each vocabulary word • Make connections between words with lines • On the lines, write a one sentence explanation of the relationship

28. Industrial Animals and Environmental Impact 1. Intro to Industrial Animals 1. 3 Poultry

29. Warm Up • How does this Become this?

30. Top Poultry Breeds • Broiler: White Plymouth Rock • Rhode Island Red: Dual Purpose • Single Comb White Leghorn: Table Egg Laying • Barred Plymouth Rock: Meat • Aracuana: Dual Purpose

31. Common Care Practices Poultry • Care • Vaccinations • Debeaking • Spur Trimming and Wing Clipping • Food • Grain based (corn and soybean) • High Energy • Housing • Temperature Controlled • Automated • Square foot per chicken

32. Common Poultry Diseases • Newcastle’s Disaease • Vaccinated in ovo • Merek’s Disease • Vaccinated in ovo • Avian Influenza • Infectious Bronchitis • Vaccinated via eye drops and body sprays • Salmonella • Competitive exclusion (remember Dr. X!?)

33. Top Poultry Production States

34. Activity Break • CDC Overview Article with Questions • Research the latest Avian Influenza Outbreak • Who was effected? Did anyone die? How many?? Where did this happen? Where did contact occur? Why? How? • Extension • Why is this a concern? What seems to be the fear?

35. Bring it all together • Grab a US map • Make a key for each animal discussed and items below • Beef: orange • Dairy: purple • Poultry: yellow • Swine: red • Color their production states • Mountain Range Rivers/Water Deltas

36. Map of US Waterways

37. On the BACK of your Map • Fill in the blanks • ________________ are mass produced in the state of ______________. The __________ waterway runs through this state and out to the ____________ ocean. • Make a 5 sentence prediction about what possible threats to animals (being produced), humans, and the environment are present along the waterway mentioned above. Include the state it is in, any states it passes through on the way to the ocean, and the area where it empties into the ocean.

38. Industrial Animals and Environmental Impact 2. Products and Processing 2. 1 Processing Procedures

39. Warm Up • What stages go into making this?

40. Slaughter Processes • Three Stages: • Preslaughter handling, stunning, slaughter • Humane Slaughter Act: required throughout processing

41. Preslaughter Handling • Major Concern • Especially in pork • Increased stress releases hormones and changes meat quality • Stress can be reduced by: • Not mixing groups of animals • Adequate ventilation • No overcrowding • No food 24-48 hours prior. Only water !

42. Stunning • Restrained in a chute single file • Three methods • Electrical • Electricity passes through the brain • Mechanical • Pistol • Gasing • Carbon Dioxide

43. Slaughter • Normally suspended by hind leg • Bled out (exsanguination) • Sever carotid artery and jugular vein. • Process varies by species

44. Slaughter: Cattle • Stunned mechanically • Feet removed • Hung by Achilles' tendon • Skinned mechanically • Salted and tanned for later use for leather • Head removed at the atlas joint • Evisceration (removal of insides) • kidney, pelvic, and heart fat left in grading. • Cold storage for 24 hours

45. Slaughter: Swine • Stunned electrically or by gas • Hung by back legs • Exsanguination • Skin left on! • Scalding tank (145 degrees) loosens scurf (hair etc) • Dehairing machine • Head removed • Evisceration • Intestines saved for natural casing

46. Slaughter Poultry

47. Meat Inspection • Antemortem (BEFORE) • IDs animals not fit for human consumption • 4D animals • Down, Disabled, Diseased, Dead • Removed and labeled condemned • “Suspect” animals removed • Postmortem (AFTER) • head, viscera, and carcasses • IDs whole carcasses, individual parts, or organs not safe for human consumption.

48. Inspection During Processing • Previously inspected meat is used in the preparation of processed meat products • Ingredients are added to processed meats. • Reinspection during processing assures safe ingredients are used in the manufacture of processed meat products (e.g., sausage and ham).

49. HSUS • Humane Society of the United States • Established in 1954, The HSUS seeks a humane and sustainable world for all animals—a world that will also benefit people. • Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kok4ADtRM8g

50. Think about it further • Write a letter to a state official explaining the need for the HSUS. Cite an investigation and explain why the investigation was needed (in context of human safe food) Finally, write about why the government should be more supportive of the HSUS. What agency should support them and why? • You will need to research the various gov’t agencies (FBI, USDA, FDA, CDC) and include their missions as supportive evidence • Why do we need the HSUS? • DO we even need them? • Where should their reach end? • What should they be responsible for? • Who should help them ? (FBI? FDA? USDA?) • Why do you think these agencies are remaining partially separated from the HSUS?