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The Medieval Period

The Medieval Period. Historical Context. The Monarchy. William the Conqueror is the reigning monarch Brings order to the land and organizes the kingdom of Britain Institutes taxes and tax records In 1154, Henry II ascends the throne

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The Medieval Period

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  1. The Medieval Period Historical Context

  2. The Monarchy • William the Conqueror is the reigning monarch • Brings order to the land and organizes the kingdom of Britain • Institutes taxes and tax records • In 1154, Henry II ascends the throne • Establishes a judicial system and the common law practices of England • Richard I, known as Richard the Lion-Hearted, fought wars abroad and left his brother, John, in charge • The villain in the legends of Robin Hood • Because of John’s high taxes and the threat of rebellion, he was forced to sign the Magna Carta, limiting royal authority

  3. War and Plague • Toward the end of the medieval period, war and death were common • The Hundred Years’ War with France and the Black Plague decimated England’s population • At the end of the War, the throne was divided among two houses, those of York and Lancaster • The War of the Roses ensues • In 1485, Henry Tudor killed Richard III and takes the throne as Henry VIII

  4. The Social Forces • The Feudal System was established during the reign of William the Conqueror • This established the hierarchy of Kings, barons, knights, and serfs • The land was divided up: • ¼ to the king • ¼ to the church • The remaining land parceled to the barons • The church was outside the jurisdiction of the king because they were led by the pope • They had their own laws, courts and taxes

  5. The Social Forces • The Church wielded power over the monarchy with the threat of excommunication • They built beautiful cathedrals and abbeys, one of the most well-known being Canterbury • Chivalry was a code of honor intended to govern knightly behavior • Adopted from the French courts • Knights were encouraged to be generous, brave, honest, pious, and honorable • Chivalry influenced the stories of King Arthur

  6. The Social Forces • The relationships between men and women were a part of chivalry known as courtly love • Dictated how men and women should act toward one another, propriety • Ideals at best, not always reflected in daily life

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