The History of Motion Pictures

1. The History of Motion Pictures

2. First Inventions THE LUMIÈRE BROTHERS • Invented combination camera, printer, & projector • Paris, 1895: 1st public showing of projected movies to a paying audience GEORGES MÉLIÈS • Professional magician in Paris • “Accidentally” discovered trick photography • Made short magic, science fiction, & fantasy films

3. First Inventions (cont’d) PATHÉ • Most powerful film company after the decline of Lumière & Méliès • In 1908, he distributed twice as many films in US than all US companies combined • MAX LINDER - 1st internationally known comedian, film actor, director • - Influenced American silent comedy, • especially Chaplin

4. US Influence on Cinema • US films dominated during 1920s; 8 times more US films distributed & seen in France than French films • The French offered a clear alternative: French Impressionism • Early silent era similar to that of the US • Same kinds of technical & narrative experimentation • Film very popular with the public • With the rise of US studios, the British film industry had difficulty competing; couldn't afford high production values

5. PARAMOUNT • Owned by VIACOM INTERNATIONAL • MOVIES: Paramount Pictures, Spelling Films • PUBLISHING: Simon & Schuster, Macmillan • RETAIL & RECREATIONAL: Blockbuster, Paramount Parks (6 theme parks), Theaters (Famous Players, United Cinemas International & Cinamerica)

6. WARNER BROS. • Owned by TIME-WARNER INC • Merger of Time & Warner Communications TIME INC. • MAGAZINES: Time, Life, Sports Illustrated, People, Entertainment Weekly, Weight Watchers, • BOOKS: Time Life, Book‑of‑the‑Month Club, Little, Brown & Co, Warner Books, Oxmoor House • MOVIES & TV: Warner Bros., WB TV Network, Hanna‑Barbera Cartoons, Telepictures Productions,

7. WARNER BROS. (cont’d) • WARNER MUSIC GROUP: Atlantic Group, Elektra Entertainment Group, WB Records, Warner Music International, Discovery Records, Columbia House Records, Warner Music Canada • HOME BOX OFFICE: HBO, Cinemax, Time Warner Sports, CNN • TURNER ENTERPRISES • TURNER ENTERTAINMENT NETWORKS: TBS Superstation, Cartoon Network, Turner Classic Movies, TNT Latin America • OTHER TURNER OPERATIONS: Atlanta Braves, Atlanta Hawks, Atlanta Thrashers, World Championship Wrestling, Goodwill Games, Turner Sports, etc.

8. WALT DISNEY • MOVIES: Disney, Touchstone, Caravan, Hollywood Pictures, Miramax, Buena Vista International (distribution) • TV: Buena Vista Home Video, Walt Disney TV, The Disney Channel, ABC Television Network, ESPN, A&E Networks, Lifetime TV, etc. • THEME PARKS: Disneyland, Walt Disney World, Tokyo Disneyland, Tokyo DisneySea (2001), Disneyland Paris

9. UNIVERSAL PICTURES • Bought by Matsushita, sold to Seagram • LIQUOR, WINE & OTHER BEVERAGES • UNIVERSAL STUDIOS • TV PRODUCTION: Brillstein‑Grey Entertainment, Universal TV Enterprises, Universal Family Entertainment, Universal Cartoon Studios, Inc. • UNIVERSAL MUSIC GROUP: MCA Records, Universal Records, MCA Nashville, Uptown Records, Curb/Universal & Interscope Records, etc. • THEME PARKS: Universal Studios Hollywood, Universal Studios Florida, Universal's Islands of Adventure, Universal Studios Japan (2001) • MOVIE THEATERS: Cineplex Odeon Corp, United Cinemas International Multiplex, Cinema International Corp • MISC: hotels & office buildings, Spencer Gifts (525 stores), Universal Studios New Media (entertainment software)

10. MGM/UA • Owned by KIRK KERKORIAN • MOVIES & TV: MGM Pictures, United Artists Pictures, Samuel Goldwyn Pictures, Orion Pictures, MGM Worldwide TV, etc. • MISC: MGM/UA Music, MGM Interactive, MGM/UA Licensing & Merchandising

11. 20TH CENTURY-FOX • Owned by Australian newspaper magnate RUPERT MURDOCH’S NEWS CORPORATION • TV: Fox Broadcasting Company, Fox Entertainment, Fox Children’s Network, Fox Sports, Fox TV Stations (23 stations) • MOVIES: Twentieth Century Fox, Fox 2000, Fox Searchlight, Fox Family Films, Fox Animation Studios, Fox Studios Australia • NEWSPAPERS: The Times (UK), New York Post, about 125 others

12. COLUMBIA PICTURES • Purchased from Coca-Cola by SONY • MOVIES: Columbia, TriStar, Sony Pictures Classics, Sony Pictures Releasing, Columbia TriStar Film Distributors International • TV GROUP: Columbia TriStar TV, Columbia TriStar TV Distribution, Columbia TriStar Int’l TV, Columbia TriStar Home Video • STUDIO FACILITIES: Sony Pictures Studios & Culver Studios • LOEW’S THEATRES: 1,018 screens in 142 US locations

13. What is genre? • Some genres based on subject matter or themes • gangster film • science fiction • Western • Others based on presentation: • Musicals • Comedy • Examples: • Western – Tombstone or The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly • Science Fiction – Godsend or Terminator • Gangster – Training Day or Boyz in the Hood • Horror – Cabin Fever or Nightmare on Elm Street • Each genre communicated something about the place and time when created.

14. Social Functions of Genre • Ritualized drama • Reaffirm cultural values with little variation • Potentially exploit social attitudes • Display the doubts, attitudes, anxieties of audience • Science Fiction – Fear of “the other” or “the unknown” • The Western – Self-determination • Gangster Film – Money cannot buy happiness. • Horror – psychological or emotional • Called “reflectionist” views of genre • These types of movies reflect society

15. Star Wars: Episode I – • The Phantom Menace (1999) • The Sixth Sense (1999) • Armageddon (1998) • Men in Black (1997) • Forrest Gump (1994) • Jurassic Park (1993) Movies of the 90s

16. Movies of the 80’s Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade (1989) Rain Man (1988) Top Gun (1986) Back to the Future (1985) Return of the Jedi (1983) E.T: The Extra Terrestrial (1982) Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981) The Empire Strikes Back (1980)

17. Movies of the 70s Carrie The Exorcist Jaws Psycho Star Wars American Graffiti Grease Rocky Superman