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RTV 322

RTV 322. Lighting. Types of Light. Incident: comes directly from the light source Reflected: has come in contact with some other material before entering our field of vision Our ability to see largely the result of reflected light Incident and reflected light meter.

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RTV 322

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  1. RTV 322 Lighting

  2. Types of Light • Incident: comes directly from the light source • Reflected: has come in contact with some other material before entering our field of vision • Our ability to see largely the result of reflected light • Incident and reflected light meter

  3. Lighting Director’s Goals • Meet artistic needs of the program • General Illumination needs • Develops a lighting plan so that all performers and parts of the set are lit as required/desired • Lighting should be ‘invisible’

  4. Measuring Light Levels • Measured with a light meter • In footcandles (ftc)--amount of light falling on a surface one foot from the light with the illumination level of one candle • Also used, lux: About 10 lux = 1 ftc • Measure incident & reflected

  5. Light meterusing a meter

  6. Other lighting issues • 1--Contrast Ratio: brightest to darkest: human eye 100:1, TV 30:1 • Outdoor / stadium daytime shots (shader) • AGC automatically adjusts • 2--Color Temperature: measure of the frequency of the light wave • 3,200° K / 5,600° K / red / blue

  7. Lighting uses & objectives • Flat Lighting (shape/texture) • High-key / low-key for mood • Follow spot • Limbo (subject ‘in limbo’ against softly lit cyc) • Cameo (subject lit / background dark; angelic) • Silhouette (subject dark & background lit)lighting-focus attn. • …cont...

  8. Lighting uses & objectives • To imitate reality • Shoot on a set for ‘outdoor shot’ • Using lights shooting outdoors • Use of shadow and lighting effects

  9. Lighting Instruments • Quartz lamp (‘bulb’) • 3,200° K • 500 / 1,000 / 2,000 watts / 10,000 • New High Speed Fluorescent (HSF) • Traditional / HSF at 3,200° K • HMI lamp -- 5,600° K • LED emergence

  10. Lighting Instruments • Spotlights • Controlled beam / pinned & spread • Fresnel • Other major spotlight type • Ellipsoidal / leko / cutters / cookies / gobos • Open face spot • Barn doors

  11. Lighting Instruments • Floodlights • Pans/broads --rectangular shaped • Scoop -- Bowl shaped • Strip lights for background • Softlight -- lamp points inward • Sometimes covered with scrim/scrims

  12. Newer lighting instruments • HSF / HMI ~ HID (lights for sale) • LED

  13. Three point lighting • Key --spotlight -- 35-40° angle • Fill -- flood or spread spot (1/2) • Back--spotlight (1.5-2x the key) • Compare to background • Separation / hair light

  14. Multiple Camera Lighting • Talk Shows, sit-coms, soaps • 3-point vs. flat / combining • Base lighting vs. creative

  15. Studio Lighting • Light Board / dimmers / pig tails • Grid vs. floor stand / c-stand • Gobo arm / mafer clamp etc. • Extension poles, c-clamp, safety • Inverse square law--as light to subject distance doubles, light level is reduced to 1/4 previous level # lighting effects

  16. Silhouette • Vs cameo or limbo (black / white)

  17. Side lighting example • A better effect than front lighting (‘sun at your back’)

  18. Diffused Lighting

  19. Short lighting

  20. Broad lighting side of face toward camera is lit

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