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This chapter explores the intricate anatomy of the eye, focusing on key components such as the intraocular fluid, retina, and photoreceptors, including cones and rods. It delves into the optics of vision, discussing light refraction, accommodation, and visual acuity. The chapter also addresses common vision problems, such as astigmatism, and how they affect visual perception. Additionally, it covers processes like light adaptation and the neural mechanisms underlying visual pathways, providing a comprehensive overview for a deeper understanding of vision. ###
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The Special Senses 2) Vision 13th edition Chapter 17 Pages 635 - 671 12th edition Chapter 17 Pages 598 - 633
Intraocular Fluid Glaucoma
Retina Pigmented layer Photoreceptors Bipolar cells Ganglion cells Horizontal cell Amacrine cell
Photoreceptors Cones Rods
Photoreceptors Cones Rods
Photoreceptors • Cones • Rods Photopsin : blue, green and red sensitive pigments Cones Rods
Optics of Vision Light refraction
Visual acuity • Normally , people has the ability to distinguish contours that are approximately 1.75 mm apart at 6 meters distance from the eye
Vision problems Astigmatism : irregular curvature of either the cornea or the lens, which lead to blurred or distorted vision due to parts of the image are out of focus.
Light Adaptation Pupillary size
Edinger-Westphal nucleus Olivary pretectal nucleus
Light Adaptation Pupillary size Neural adaptation Photoreceptor adaptation
Light Adaptation Pupillary size Neural adaptation Photoreceptor adaptation