html5-img
1 / 32

Latin 1B Grammar Review

Latin 1B Grammar Review. Ecce Romani Chapters 1-17. Nouns. names of persons, places, things, qualities, or acts. Definition:. Properties:. Case :. word forms (endings) that tell you the grammatical role in the sentence. e.g. Nominative, Genitive, Dative, Accusative, Ablative, Vocative.

ziya
Télécharger la présentation

Latin 1B Grammar Review

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Latin 1B Grammar Review • Ecce Romani Chapters 1-17

  2. Nouns names of persons, places, things, qualities, or acts • Definition: • Properties: • Case: word forms (endings) that tell you the grammatical role in the sentence • e.g. Nominative, Genitive, Dative, Accusative, Ablative, Vocative • Number: Singular or Plural • Gender: Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter • Declension: noun type using different case endings

  3. first declension (usually feminine, sometimes masculine) • Stem=genitive singular-ae • aqua, aquae, f.-water First Declension Endings First Declension Twinkle, Twinkle

  4. SECOND declension (masculine, ends in -us or -r) • Stem=genitive singular-i • animus, animi, m.-soul • nuntius, nuntii, m.-messenger • puer, pueri, m.-boy Second Declension Second Declension Endings Jingle Bells

  5. SECOND declension (neuter=neither masculine or feminine) • Stem=genitive singular-i • signum, signi, n.-sign • auxilium, auxilii, n.-help Second Declension Endings Second Declension Ridin’ Dirty

  6. THIRD declension (masculine and feminine use the same endings) • soror, sororis, f.-sister • flos, floris, m.-flower • mater, matris, f.-mother • Stem=genitive singular-is Third Declension Third Declension Endings Chant

  7. THIRD declension neuter • lumen, luminis, n.-light • caput, capitis, n.-head • onus, oneris, n.-work • Stem=genitive singular-is Third Declension Third Declension Endings

  8. THIRD declension i-stem • 3 Types: • 1. Nominative ends is -s or -x, stem ends in two consonants • 2. Nominative, Genitive=-is, -is or -es, -is • 3. Nominative ends in -e, -al, or -ar • urbs, urbis, f.-city (1) • civis, civis, m/f.-citizen (2) • mare, maris, n.-sea (3) Third Declension i-Stem M/F Endings Third Declension i-Stem Neuter Endings

  9. NOUN CASE: Nominative • 1. SUBJECT NOMINATIVE -acts as the SUBJECT of the verb Aurelia sedet. • 2. PREDICATE NOMINATIVE -is linked to the subject by “IS” Aurelia est defessa.

  10. NOUN CASE: GENITIVE “OF” or “ ‘S ” • 1. GENITIVE OF POSSESSION -indicates ownership vocem Aureliae audio. • 2. GENITIVE OF DESCRIPTION Genitive NOUN + ADJECTIVE Pair -indicates a characteristic of another noun in the sentence vir tantae prudentiae es! • 3. PARTITIVE GENITIVE (genitive of the whole) -the genitive is the “WHOLE” that the “part” belongs to partem urbis video.

  11. NOUN CASE: DATIVE • 1. DATIVE OF INDIRECT OBJECT “TO/FOR” -noun to which something is given, shown, or said *GIVE, SHOW, TELL librum, puero do.

  12. NOUN CASE: ACCUSATIVE • 1. ACCUSATIVE DIRECT OBJECT -noun that RECEIVES the action of the verb Cornelia Aureliam salutat. C APPI PATSIE ircum d ost rope n er nte rans ub ntra xtra Cappi Patsie, the sidekick • 2. ACCUSATIVE PLACE TO WHICH -indicates place to which with a preposition and accusative noun Cornelia in villam ambulat.

  13. NOUN CASE: ABLATIVE USES WITH A PREPOSITION! • 1. ABLATIVE OF PLACE WHERE -indicates location mons in Italia est. • 2. ABLATIVE OF PLACE FROM WHICH ine n e ub ro b/a um x/e S I D S P A C E -indicates place from which via a villa mea ducit. Sid Space, the Ablative Astronaut

  14. NOUN CASE: ABLATIVE “BY MEANS OF” “WITH” “BY” • 3. ABLATIVE OF MEANS -indicates the means or instrument (tool) with which something is accomplished stylo scribit. • 4. ABLATIVE OF MANNER -indicates the manner/style in which some action is accomplished C) no preposition + ABL noun/adjective pair magnogaudio B) cum + ABL noun/adjective pair magno cum gaudio A) cum + ABL noun cum gaudio

  15. NOUN CASE: ABLATIVE “IN” “ON” “AT” • 5. ABLATIVE OF TIME WHEN -indicates when some situation takes place (no preposition) aestate male dormio. • 6. ABLATIVE OF TIME WITHIN WHICH “IN” “WITHIN” “DURING” -indicates the time SPAN within which some situation takes place (no preposition) tribus horis aurum inveniemus.

  16. NOUN CASE: VOCATIVE from the verb voco, vocare • VOCATIVE OF DIRECT ADDRESS -used for direct address -calling someone by name • VOCATIVE = NOMINATIVE • Singular & Plural Singular & Plural EXCEPT!!! Vocative Singular of 2nd Declension -us and -ius Nouns

  17. ADJECTIVES • Agreement with Nouns -Adjectives must agree with the noun they are modifying in GENDER, NUMBER, and CASE -does not have to look the same as the noun Examples of Noun/Adjective Pairs: pulchra puella fortis canis defessus servus defessus canis

  18. ADJECTIVES • 2-1-2 ADJECTIVES -uses 2nd declension forms for masculine and neuter and 1st declension forms for feminine -US, -A, -UM

  19. ADJECTIVES • THIRD DECLENSION ADJECTIVES -adds -I’s THREE TYPES: 1) -R, -RIS, -RE (acer, acris, acre) 2) -IS, -IS, -E (dulcis, dulcis, dulce) 3) VARIES, VARIES, -IS (clemens, clemens, clementis) Third Declension Adjective Endings Third Declension Adjective Singular Plural Singular Plural ingens, ingentis (huge)

  20. NUMBERS • 11 XI UNDECIM • 2 II DUO, DUAE, DUO • 12 XII DUODECIM • 1 I UNUS, UNA, UNUM • 3 III TRES, TRIA • 13 XIII TREDECIM • 4 IV QUATTUOR • 14 XIV QUATTUORDECIM • 5 V QUINQUE • 15 XV QUINDECIM • 6 VI SEX • 16 XVI SEDECIM • 7 VII SEPTEM • 17 XVII SEPTENDECIM • 8 VIII OCTO • 18 XVIII DUODEVIGINTI • 9 IX NOVEM • 19 XIX UNDEVIGINTI • 10 X DECEM • 20 XX VIGINTI

  21. ADVERBS • describe VERBS, ADJECTIVES, and other ADVERBS • tell you WHEN, WHERE, HOW, HOW OFTEN, and HOW MUCH 2-1-2 ADVERBS Adjective stem + -E= Adjective“ly” Adjective in -US laetus, laeta, laetum LAETE Adjective in -ER (keep E) miser, misera, miserum MISERE Adjective in -ER (no E) pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum PULCHRE

  22. ADVERBS THIRD DECLENSION ADVERBS Adjective stem + -ITER= Adjective“ly” celer, celeris, celere CELERITER par, par, paris PARITER fortis, fortis, forte FORTITER potens, potens, potentis POTENTER

  23. VERBS • PROPERTIES • PERSONAND NUMBER -shows what kind of subject is performing the verb -look at the verb ending • VOICE -indicates whether the subject is acted upon -ACTIVE OR PASSIVE

  24. VERBS • MOOD -indicates whether the verb is an expression of fact, generalized action, command, etc. -INDICATIVE, INFINITIVE, PARTICIPLE, SUBJUNCTIVE • STEM -Basic foundation of verb: various tenses, moods, and voices are formed by adding endings to stems -PRESENT, PERFECT, PARTICIPIAL • CONJUGATION -Verb Type: different conjugations use slightly different endings -1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th • TENSE -indicates when the verb occurs -PRESENT, IMPERFECT, PERFECT, FUTURE, PLUPERFECT, FUTURE PERFECT

  25. VERBS • PERSONAL ENDINGS

  26. VERBS • PRESENT TENSE -(Infinitive-re)+ Personal Endings -verbs, is verbing, does verb -Present Connector Vowels 1-A, 2-E, 3-I, 4-I

  27. VERBS • IMPERFECT TENSE -(Infinitive-re)+ vowel + Personal Endings -was verbing,used to verb, kept verbing • -BAM -BAMUS • -BAS -BATIS • -BAT -BANT -Imperfect Connector Vowels 1-A, 2-E, 3-(I)E, 4-IE

  28. IRREGULAR VERBS • TO BE (sum, esse, fui, futurus) • Present: • Imperfect: • TO BE ABLE (possum, posse, potui) • Present: • Imperfect:

  29. IRREGULAR VERBS • TO WANT (volo, velle, volui) • Present: • Imperfect: • TO NOT WANT (nolo, nolle, nolui) • Present: • Imperfect:

  30. IRREGULAR VERBS • TO GO (eo, ire, ivi (ii), itus) • Present: • Imperfect: • TO BRING, BEAR, ENDURE (fero, ferre, tuli, latus) • Present: • Imperfect:

  31. INFINITIVES • SUBJECT INFINITIVES • Infinitive can act as a nominative singular noun • to run delights me, it delights me to run, running delights me • currere Marcum defatigat. • TO VERB • based on present stem • COMPLEMENTARY INFINITIVES • There are some verbs that make sense only if they are combined with an infinitive • I am able TO VERB • natare possumus

  32. IMPERATIVES-Commands to one or more than one noun • Present stem + endings = VERB!!! • POSITIVE COMMANDS • NEGATIVE COMMANDS • noli/nolite + infinitive= DON’T VERB!!! • ACTIVE IMPERATIVE ENDINGS • example: noli rogare! nolite rogare!

More Related