Parkinson’s Plus

1. Parkinson’s Plus By: Glen Estrosos

2. Parkinson’s Plus • Many neurological disorders share features of Parkinson's disease. • Parkinson's plus syndromes (PD Plus) include some signs of Parkinson's disease, as well as additional symptoms such as inappropriate eye movement control (progressive supranuclear palsy), autonomic dysfunction (multiple system atrophy), muscle weakness and atrophy, profound memory difficulties and behavioral disturbances, and others.

3. People with Parkinson’s

4. Under the Umbrella * Multiple system atrophy *Olivopontocerebellaratrophy *Dementia with Lewy bodies * Progressive supranuclear palsy * Corticobasal degeneration

5. Etiology / Pathophysiology • Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by parkinsonism, cerebellar dysfunction, and autonomic disturbances. • Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a rare degenerative disorder that causes serious and permanent deficits in movement and cognitive function.

6. Etiology / Pathophysiology • Corticobasal degeneration (CBD) is a rare, progressive, neurodegenerative disease that causes movement disorders and dementia. • Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) exhibits clinical overlap between Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson’s disease. • Olivopontocerebellar atrophy (OPCA) is a group of disorders characterized by degeneration of three brain areas: the inferior olives, the pons, and the cerebellum. OPCA causes increasingly severe ataxia (loss of coordination) as well as other symptoms.

7. It is said by neurologists that patients presenting with falls early in the course of a Parkinsonian illness are more likely to have a Parkinson-plus syndrome than idiopathic Parkinson's disease. • The Parkinson-plus syndromes are usually more rapidly progressive and less likely to respond to anti-parkinsonian medication than Parkinson's disease. However, the additional features of the diseases may respond to medications not used in Parkinson's disease.