Building Technologies Program

1. - Status Report- Steve Selkowitz November 2012 Building Technologies Program

2. Current Design and Research Paradigm – Silo Approach Single component or isolated system EEM 5-20% Energy Savings for the isolated component or system DOE Goals: 50%+ Savings at Affordable Cost Integrated Building Systems Approach Multi-system integrated EEMs 30-50%+ Whole Building Energy Savings CA Goals: All Buildings Net Zero Energy By 2030

3. Integrated Systems Performance: Design, Operations Need Better Models/Data to Quantify Investment Tradeoffs: Loads  Systems  Supply Office Eq. $ Heating $ Peak Cooling Chiller Load Size Onsite Power Generation Cooling Energy, Peak Lighting Lighting Central Power Generation Design Electric Strategy Demand $ $ $ $ $ Initial Cost Annual Cost

4. How Do Buildings Really Perform? Modeled Design vs Measured Performance • Observations: • Various building types, ages, locations • Average over all projects is not bad • Max over-predict by 120% • Max under-predict by 65% • Almost all under-predicted • for low energy designs • (red triangle: EUI <= 40) • 6. Uncalibrated simulated results Measured=Design Measured EUI (kBtu/ft2) Source: Energy performance of LEED-NC buildings, NBI, 2008 Design EUI (kBtu/ft2)

5. Buildings as Test Beds? Almost every building is a “one-off prototype” with some R&D investment No scientific process, feedback loop to capture and enhance lessons learned…. Challenge: Make every building a test bed, living lab? Useful….. but Messy, Complex, Costly, Constrained…. -- or– Create flexible “testbed facility” with data collection, analysis, synthesis  Accurate, detailed measurements, optimize performance, Validate tools to extend impact of measured data Guide building industry R&D investments Guide government and utility “deployment” Convince A/E and owners that solutions “work” Will this approach Work?? Challenge: Extract Useful Performance Data from Field Performance of Buildings

6. Past LBNL Testbed Partnerships NY Times Mockup and Test bed 2003-2007 MoWiTT Field Tests 1985-2000 DOE- EC and Dimmable Lighting 2010 DOE/CEC Advanced Façade SystemsTestbed LBNL 2004+ DOE/CEC/PG&E Electro-chromic Daylighting Testbed Oakland CA, 1999

7. FLEXLAB Background • LBNL responded to a 2009 RFP for ARRA funds to develop a facility that: • Develops new test methods and solutions for low energy buildings including low-energy, integrated building systems under realistic operating conditions • Focuses on: • Comprehensive whole building systems integration • Specific end use integration and component interactions (e.g., HVAC, lighting, windows, envelope, plug loads control systems) • Controls hardware and sensors • Simulation and tools for design through operations • FLEXLAB developed with input from 35 industry partners • Commercial buildings focus - retrofit and new construction

8. What is FLEXLAB? • Exterior Testbeds • Focus on Integrated Systems & retrofit • 5400 sf • Outside B90 • OpensDecember 2013 • Lighting & Plug Load Testbed • ~3000 sf inside B90 • Span width of B90 • Controls, Visual Comfort & Behavior • Opens November 2012 • Controls & Visualization • Virtual Design & Modeling • Controls Interoperability, Sensors • Demand Response Integration • ~1000 sf inside B90 • Opens Fall/Winter 2012 Facility for Low Energy eXperiments in Buildings

9. Capabilities – Exterior Testbeds • Comparative, side-by-side testing • Controlled environment • Capabilities to extend to larger interior/exterior delta T to simulate other climates • Controlled internal loads – lighting, plug loads, occupancy/thermal generation • No externalities such as occupant behavior • Well instrumented and metered facility • High granularity of power measurement • High accuracy sensors • Provides access to multiple flexible systems • Many manufacturers don’t have testing facilities that can be used to integrate controls with other systems • Highly flexible testbeds – interior and exterior assemblies • Kits of parts available to mockup new construction and retrofit conditions

10. Features - Exterior Testbeds • Flexible interior space, including variable ceiling heights, raised floor at varying heights, and interior partitions may be relocated for zonal studies • Two cells, with removable adiabatic wall in between • Interchangeable façade elements, shading, glazing, skylights - permits study of high performance integrated dynamic & façade systems • Interchangeable HVAC systems - permits study of both air-based systems, (VAV, UFAD, DOAS etc) and water-based systems (fan coils, radiant heating and cooling, VAV) • Interchangeable lighting – direct/indirect light fixture studies, and lighting designs that emphasize daylighting controls, and task lighting applications

11. Features - Exterior Testbeds • Comparative studies of systems and components, using two cells in each test bed • (3) 1-story testbeds • (1) 1-story rotating testbed • studies at different orientations, solar loads, natural ventilation etc. • (1) 2-story testbed • big box retail mockups, 2-story configurations, skylight and clerestory studies, thermal stratification, double skin assemblies • First fit outs: • 1980s era construction • ASHRAE 90.1-2010 minimally compliant • Title 24-2013 minimally compliant • Net zero equivalent • Sensor and instrumentation system including energy flows of components/systems as well as thermal and visual comfort • Flexible data acquisition system – supports wide array of I/O signals and communications protocols • High granularity, accuracy power measurement system – every outlet, every light fixture individually metered • Embedded envelope sensing – heat flux, temp.

12. Data Acquisition and Controls Testbed Hardware – Sensors, Controllers and Instrumentation Database • Infrastructure • Central secure database • Monitoring and visualization • Controls scripting tools • HVAC • Lighting • Shading, etc. • NI Teststandbased • Onsite or remote access • Adapter package to allow controls interface with different simulation and controls platforms; I/O mapping via TCP/IP layer Controls Drivers Controls Scripting Tool Simulation Platforms / Scripting Languages (E+, Modelica, BCVTB, Radiance etc.)

13. Features – Lighting and Plug Loads Testbed • 3000sf occupied workspace • Occupancy sensors at lighting zone level and workstation/occupant level • Capable of multiple zones for comparative testing • Photosensors at individual workstations • Reprogrammable lighting and plug loads controls • Individual occupant controls – workstation digital switches reprogrammable to control lights or plugs • Power measurement at individual outlet level and each light fixture

14. Features – Virtual Design Testbed • Interactive collaborative design environment • Work interactively on design problems • Reliable data sharing • Modify designs and see analysis impacts immediately • Simultaneous platforms • Energy modeling tools (Energy Plus, Simergy, Radiance) • Energy data tools (Energy IQ) • Design tools (SketchUp, Revit, ArchiCAD, DesignBuilder etc.) • Cost estimation tools • Enable value engineering decisions analysis • Infrastructure: • 4 SmartBoards • Common server • Full wireless internet connectivity • Seating for 30 people

15. Research Potential – Occupied Lighting & Plugs Lighting • Controls • Fully automated, manual, occupancy based • Interior offices, zonal or individual cube, perimeter offices • Lighting technologies • Direct/indirect, task/ambient lighting • Daylight dimming studies Shading • Controls • Fully automated, manual, occupancy • Coupled with daylight dimming controls and light measurement • Shading technologies • Screen, louvered, fabric Occupant Impacts • Occupant behaviors • Visual and thermal comfort • Glare mitigation and reduction of solar gain

16. Research Potential – Occupied Lighting & Plugs Plug Loads and Networks • Plug load controls • Manual controls • Occupancy controls • Master-slave controls • Ground truth for 3rd party solutions • Effectiveness of smart power strips • Computer power management • Task lighting or other efficient products • Non-intrusive load monitoring • Use the installed power metering system • Analyze power traces to identify load constituents

17. Filling the Pipeline: From R&D to Deployment Test Bed Program • Reduce risk for early adopters • Provide a basis towards guaranteed performance • Encourage a wider set of early adopters, accelerate the deployment curve Architects & Engineers Manufacturers Investors & Entrepreneurs Building Owners Utilities Federal, State, Local Government

18. Challenge – Test Beds Support Different Outcomes for Different Users • Architect/Engineer/Contractor– guide specification reducing performance risk, installation risk, total cost of ownership • Building Owner/Operator– accurate performance information, reduce risks on investments • Manufacturer– neutral source of testing data, ability to rigorously test system integration under controlled conditions • Emerging Technology– neutral source of testing data, ability to test system at scale, objective comparison to conventional technology • Utilities – clarity on cost of operation and ownership, performance data, effect of controls strategies on demand • Public Sector– objective performance data to drive policy • Code Officials – data to support outcome-based codes, standards

19. Facility Launch and Timing Operational Planning • Operational Phase - In Planning • Year 1 (FY12-13) Pre-planning, Construction • Year 2 (FY13-14) Shakedown & Initial Operations • Year 3-5 (FY14-16) Launch  Full Operations • Develop All Management & Operations Tools • User Agreements and Support Process • Efficient, Flexible, & Safe Operations • Industry Partnerships • National Network: Building Research Testing Facilities • Global Network: IEA Annex 58 • Initial Partners and Projects - Discussions in Progress • Public and Private: collaboration and funding models • R&D ---- Emerging Tech ----- Deployment

20. Can FLEXLAB Support CABA Member Interests? • Current Design Provides Broad Functionality • We have built Flexibility into the Design of the Facility and Operations • Developing “horizontal” and “vertical” public/private partnershipsfor business pain points and opportunities: • Horizontal: NEMA + 10 lighting controls companies to demonstrate savings to Code Officials and USGBC • Vertical: HVAC/Envelope/Lighting/Controls partnership to demonstrate Net Zero Energy Plug-n-Play solutions • Contact us to discuss options, capabilities, timing, cost. • More info: flexlab.lbl.gov • Steve Selkowitz SESelkowitz@lbl.gov510/486-5064 • Cindy RegnierCMRegnier@lbl.gov