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Exploring Molecular Orbitals: Bond Order and Stability of CN and CN-

This guide delves into the molecular orbital (MO) theory as applied to the cyanide (CN) and its anion (CN-). We will explore the valence shell electron configurations, analyze their paramagnetic and diamagnetic properties, and determine the bond orders for both species. Through detailed MO diagrams, we will identify factors affecting bond strength and stability, including the impact of changing electron counts in bonding and antibonding orbitals. Practice questions and solutions will enhance understanding of these concepts.

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Exploring Molecular Orbitals: Bond Order and Stability of CN and CN-

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  1. CN- CN Heteronuclear Practice C N C N 2p 2p E E s2s2s2s*2p2p4s2p1 s2s2s2s*2p2p4s2p2 diamagnetic paramagnetic Iclicker: I think I got it I need more time I’m lost Bond order= ½ (8-2)=3 Bond order= ½ (7-2)=2.5 For CN the energy of the molecular orbitals follows the order of carbon (a.k.a. p2p<s2p) Draw the MO diagram. Give the valence shell electron configurations of CN and CN-. Are they paramagnetic or diamagnetic? Tell the bond order of each. Which has the stronger bond? Stronger!

  2. Practice Iclicker: I think I got it I need more time I’m lost Maximum bond order if you remove electron from antibonding orbital. Gives +1 ion He He H H HeH +1 B.O.= ½ (2)=1 HeH Neutral B.O.= ½(2-1)=0.5 Neutral: If charge was increased: remove from antibondinggiving higher bond order. If charge decreased: add electron to antibonding giving lower bond order. +1: If charge was increased: remove from bonding giving lower bond order. If charge decreased: add electron to antibonding giving lower bond order. • Consider the hypothetical species HeH. What charge, if any, should be present on this combination of atoms to produce the most stable molecule or ion possible? • Draw the MO diagram for the neutral species first. • Decide what ion gives largest bond order • What is the bond order on the neutral species and what bond order, if changed, is on the ion you chose? • If the charge on the neutral species were increased or decreased by one what would be the affect on the bonding of the atom. • If the charge on the species you chose were increased or decreased by one what would be the affect on the bonding of the atom.

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