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Overview of the Nervous System: Neurons and Neuroglia

This overview covers the fundamental aspects of the nervous system at the cellular and tissue levels. It describes the structure of neurons, classifies neurons by structure and function, and enumerates different types of neuroglia along with their respective roles in supporting nervous system functions. The text highlights the anatomy of representative neurons, detailing motor neurons, sensory neurons, and interneurons, their distribution in the body, and the essential role of neuroglia in maintaining neural health and functionality.

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Overview of the Nervous System: Neurons and Neuroglia

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  1. Nervous System Cellular & Tissue Level

  2. Objectives • Describe the general structure of a neuron. • Explain how neurons are classified. • Name the types of neuroglia and describe the structure and function of each. • Locate cells of the nervous system in the body.

  3. The nervous system is composed predominantly of neural tissue, but also includes blood vessels and connective tissue.

  4. Cells of the Nervous System Neurons Neuroglia Not nerve cells! Supporting cells Do not transmit impulses • The basic units of the nervous system • Nerve cells • Conduct impulses

  5. Anatomy of a Representative Neuron

  6. Anatomy of a Representative Neuron

  7. Types of Neurons • Neurons may be classified in two ways: by structure or function. • Functional classification of neurons • Motorneurons • Sensoryneurons • Interneurons

  8. Motor Neurons • Over half a million in the human body • Carry instructions from the CNS to other tissues, organs, or organ systems. • Peripheral targets = effectors

  9. Sensory Neurons • Approximately 10 million in the human body • Form the afferent division of the PNS • Receive information from sensory receptors and then relay that information to neurons in the CNS • aka. Afferent neurons

  10. Interneurons • aka. Associated/association neurons • Located entirely in the brain and spinal cord • Connect other neurons • Responsible for the distribution of sensory information and coordination of motor activity • Transferring, processing, interpreting

  11. Classification of Neurons by STRUCTURE

  12. Classification of Neurons by STRUCTURE

  13. Classification of Neurons by STRUCTURE

  14. Classification of Neurons by STRUCTURE

  15. http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/life/human-biology/brain2.htmhttp://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/life/human-biology/brain2.htm

  16. Neuroglia CNS PNS Schwann cells Satellite cells • Astrocytes • Oligodendrocytes • Ependyma • Microglia

  17. Satellite Glial Cells

  18. Neuroglia in the CNS

  19. Neuroglia in the CNS

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