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The UN's Involvement in Somalia: Causes, Operations, and Outcomes

This overview delves into the complex causes of conflict in Somalia, spanning from its independence in 1960 to the major influences of the military coup by General Mohamed Siad Barre in 1969, leading to years of anarchy following his ousting in 1991. It examines the involvement of the UN, especially through UNOSOM, and Australia's military participation aimed at stabilizing the country and ensuring aid distribution amidst civil strife. Despite the initial intentions, the operation is largely viewed as a failure, with ongoing issues of anarchy, terrorism, and piracy in Somalia today.

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The UN's Involvement in Somalia: Causes, Operations, and Outcomes

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  1. UN in Somalia Leonie and Shaneel

  2. Where?

  3. Causes of Conflict • 1960 – Independence • 1969 – Major General Mohamed Siad Barre  Military Coup (21 Years) • Internal & External wars • 1990  Anarchy  U.S withdraws aid • 1991  Barre fled country  clan-based militia warfare  Droughts coincided (famine) • 1992  International campaign for U.N aid • Stopped aid  Violent gangs

  4. Reasons For Australian (UN) Involvement • July 1992  UN personnel deployed to Somalia  UNOSOM • UNOSOM formed to monitor ceasefire  two main militia groups, fighting for control of the capital (Mogadishu). • Australian Gov., as part the U.N sent over troops  coordinate transport for U.N mission.

  5. Roles Performed by Australia • Coordinate transport for U.N mission. • Infantry Battalion (990 members) • Four Main Roles: • Maintain a secure environment in Baidoa (situated) • Maintain presence in surrounding countryside • Protect aid convoys • Assist in equitable distribution of aid

  6. Key Dates and Operations • July 1992 – UN personnel deployed to Somalia • UNOSOM II nation building mandate brought it into conflict was the militia leader Mohamed Farah Aidid • In October  US Army Rangers and Delta Force unsuccessfully tried to remove Aidid from power  Countries withdrew national contingents • Australia Stayed  April 1994 10 man patrol  protection in Mogadishu • Australia withdrew in November 1994 • UN troops withdrew in March 1995

  7. Achievements of the Operation • Total Failure • Today  state of anarchy, terrorist cells, pirates and corruption are just a few of MAJOR problems facing Somalia • Evaluation: Mission/Aim of UN = FAIL

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