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Understanding Compounds, Formulae, and Balancing Chemical Equations

This informative guide covers the fundamentals of compounds, formulae, and the balancing of chemical equations. It introduces general equations in chemistry, distinguishing between word and symbol equations. Examples provided illustrate different types of reactions involving acids and bases, oxides, hydroxides, and carbonates. The importance of balanced equations is emphasized, showing how to ensure that reactants and products contain an equal number of atoms. This resource is essential for students and anyone interested in the principles of chemistry.

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Understanding Compounds, Formulae, and Balancing Chemical Equations

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  1. Compounds, Formulae and Equations Balancing Compounds Equations

  2. What is a general equation? • A general equation in chemistry is like a general equation in mathematics: • - It shows a general rule • - A + B = C • In chemistry however, we write this in terms of reactants and products: • - Reactants  Products • Examples • - Acid + Base  Salt + Water • - Acid + Oxide  Salt + Water • - Acid + Hydroxide  Salt + Water • - Acid + Carbonate  Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide

  3. What is a word equation? • A word equation is a specific general equation, in that the reactants and the products must be specified: • - Hydrochloric Acid + Sodium Hydroxide  Sodium Chloride + Water • - Sulfuric Acid + Aluminium Oxide  Aluminium Sulfate + Water • - Nitric Acid + Lithium Hydroxide  Lithium Nitrate + Water • - Phosphoric Acid + Calcium Carbonate  Calcium Phosphate + Water + Carbon Dioxide

  4. What is a symbol equation? • A formula equation is one that uses symbols to (apparently) abbreviate the equations: • - HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O • - H2SO4 + Al2O3  Al2(SO4)3 + H2O • - HNO3 + Be(OH)2  Be(NO3)2 + H2O • - H3PO4 + CaCO3  Ca3(PO4)2 + H2O + CO2

  5. What is a balanced equation? • A balanced equation is a symbol equation whose atoms in the reactants and products equal. • When a symbol equation has been written, you can only change the number of atoms/compounds (big numbers before the atom/compound) not the compounds themselves (small numbers within the compound) . • - HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O (already balanced!) • - 3H2SO4+ Al2O3  Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2O • - 2HNO3+ Be(OH)2  Be(NO3)2 + 2H2O • - 2H3PO4+ 3CaCO3 Ca3(PO4)2 + 3H2O + 3CO2

  6. Balanced equations and balanced formulae are not the same thing!!!

  7. Balanced Formula • … are balanced compounds. • (ionic or covalent)

  8. Balanced equations • … have reactants and products.

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