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Warring City - States

Warring City - States. The development of political systems. The Rise of the City-State. The city-state or polis was the fundamental unit (political) in 750 BC. Polis made up of a city and surrounding communities.

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Warring City - States

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  1. Warring City - States The development of political systems.

  2. The Rise of the City-State • The city-state or polis was the fundamental unit (political) in 750 BC. • Polis made up of a city and surrounding communities. • They were small communities. The leaders met at the agora (city-center) to conduct business. • The city set on an acropolis (fortified hilltop).

  3. Political Structures • 3 types of rule : monarchy, aristocracy & oligarchy. • Monarchy rule by a king • Aristocracy rule by the nobility • Oligarchy rule by a few powerful wealthy people. • A new Army emerged with the change to iron weapons. • New Army most powerful in the world because of their formation (phalanx). • Phalanx is foot soldiers standing side by side with a spear in one hand and a shield in another.

  4. Sparta • Located in southern Greece. • Was a military state. • 2 groups controlled Sparta :assembly and the council of elders. • The elders proposed laws and the assembly voted on them. • Men- Boys left home at age 7 and went to military training. • Women – learned to wrestle, ran and played sports. Managed the family estates when their husbands were at war.

  5. Sparta • Women could not vote. • Had the most powerful army in the world from 600 to 371 BC. • Did not value art. • Valued duty, strength and discipline.

  6. Athens • Located in Eastern Greece. • 4 forms of government : monarchy, aristocracy, oligarchy & direct democracy. • Struggle between rich and poor. In order to stop the conflict the Athenians created democracy. • Only free adult males could be citizens. • Women took care of the household.

  7. Athens • 621 B.C. Draco a Greek lawmaker wrote the 1st real law code. • Code dealt with contracts and property ownership. • Solon was named ruler of Athens . He ended debt slavery and initiated trade. He particularly exported grapes and olive oil. • 508 B.C a new ruler Cleisthenes increased the power of the assembly.

  8. Athens • Cleisthenes allowed citizens to submit laws for debate and passage. • Council members were chosen by lot. • Allowed citizens to participate in society.

  9. The Persian Wars • 520 B.C. the Persians conquered Ionian Greeks. These Greeks revolted. • The Persian king Darius defeated the Athenians who came to the aid of the Ionians. • Darius vows to destroys Athens. • 490 BC the Athenians battled the Persians at Marathon. • The Greeks defeated the Persians.

  10. The Persian Wars • The Army sent word to the Athenian ldrs that they had defeated the Persians and to defend Athens. • The word was developed by a young runner who sprinted the entire mileage between Marathon & Athens.

  11. The Persian Wars • The Battles of Thermopylae (300) and Salamis. • Thermopylae 300 Spartans battled the Persian King Darius at a mtn pass. • Though all 300 men were killed it inspired all Greeks. • The Athenians evacuated Athens and fought Xerxes at Salamis (sea). The Persian navy was defeated at sea by Salamis. • Athens became the head of a 140 city-state alliance called the Delian League.

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