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BONE HEALTH

BONE HEALTH. Stress – Strain. Force (N). Deformation (cm). Fracture Types. SIMPLE Break or crack is detectable, no separation of bones Stress, minor blow COMPOUND Bone breaks into separate pieces Major blow COMMINUTED Bones have shattered into smaller pieces Automobile accident.

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BONE HEALTH

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  1. BONE HEALTH

  2. Stress – Strain Force (N) Deformation (cm)

  3. Fracture Types • SIMPLE • Break or crack is detectable, no separation of bones • Stress, minor blow • COMPOUND • Bone breaks into separate pieces • Major blow • COMMINUTED • Bones have shattered into smaller pieces • Automobile accident

  4. Spiral or Oblique: bending or torsional loads fracture bone at oblique angle to long axis Avulsion: a tendon or ligament pulls the bone away (e.g., tensile loading during explosive jumping or throwing) Greenstick: incomplete fracture common in children due to larger proportion of collagen; bending loads Fracture Types

  5. Stress Fractures: repetitive low-level loading, with inadequate time for bone remodeling Common sites: tibia, metatarsals, femoral neck, pubic bone Often due to abrupt changes in training duration or intensity, or a lack of proper nutrition Fracture Types

  6. Sharp pain and tenderness. • Swelling. • Discolouration of skin. • Grating or grinding movement. Symptoms of a Fracture

  7. Closed Fractures

  8. Open Fractures

  9. Open fracture

  10. Diagnosis?

  11. Diagnosis?

  12. Diagnosis?

  13. Spiral Fracture

  14. Avulsion Fracture

  15. Avulsion Fracture

  16. Healing takes place in the same fashion as bone growth Should heal effectively, if appropriate actions are taken (casting or immobilization time) Infections and misalignment lead to irregular growth and prolonged recovery Healing

  17. Stage 1 – Hematoma Formation

  18. Stage 2 – Callus Formation (fibrocartilage)

  19. Stage 3 – Bony Callus Formation

  20. Stage 4 – Bone Remodelling

  21. Treatment

  22. Bone Healing – Internal Fixation

  23. Bone Healing – External Fixation

  24. Stress – Strainof Different Materials

  25. Rickets = Deficient mineralization in children. Bone growth and repair are compromised. Osteomalacia = Same as rickets but for adults. Hypophosphatasia = Enzyme deficiency. Bone Diseases

  26. Osteomyelitis = Infectious organisms (including tumours) that attack the bone and compromise strength. Bone Diseases Continued

  27. OsteogenesisImperfecta = Connective tissue (periosteum) is affected. -aka “brittle bone” disease Bone Diseases Continued…

  28. Bone Diseases…Kyphosis Kyphosis = Stooped posture caused by collapsed vertebrae in elderly.

  29. Effects of Aging on the Skeletal System

  30. “porous bone” Degenerative condition that involves low bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue Leads to bone fragility and increased risk of fracture (hip, spine and wrist) OSTEOPOROSIS…”Silent Disease”

  31. Osteoporosis…

  32. Building strong bones during childhood and adolescence is the best defense. • A balanced diet rich in calcium and vitamin D. • Weight bearing exercise. • A healthy lifestyle – no smoking or excessive alcohol. • Bone density testing and medication when appropriate. * There is still no cure for Osteoporosis * Preventing Osteoporosis

  33. Disordered eating habits • Amenorrhea • Osteoporosis • Break easily, slow healing • Lack of calcium • 1300 mg recommended daily for teenage female athletes The Female Triad

  34. Layman Terminology: Samantha has broken the bottom of her arm. Anatomical Terminology: Samantha has fractured the distal aspect of her humerus. Anatomical Terminology

  35. Layman Terminology: This x-ray is a front view of the collarbone. Anatomical Terminology: This x-ray is an anterior view of the clavicle. Anatomical Terminology

  36. Layman Terminology: This is a side view of the athlete bending and straightening his ankle. Anatomical Terminology: This is a sagittal view of the athlete dorsiflexing and plantar flexing the ankle. Anatomical Terminology

  37. Layman Terminology: This is a cross-section of the upper part of the thigh bone. Anatomical Terminology: This is a transverse view of the proximal aspect of the femur. Anatomical Terminology

  38. Ouch!!!

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