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The Birth of Islam

The Birth of Islam. The Arabian Peninsula. Mostly desert Towns/cities/trade routes on outside. Bedouins. Nomadic Arabs Lived in the desert. A desert -dwelling Arabian ethnic group traditionally divided into tribes, or clans, known in Arabic as ʿašāʾir ( عَشَائِر ). Pre-Mohammed.

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The Birth of Islam

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  1. The Birth of Islam

  2. The Arabian Peninsula Mostly desert Towns/cities/trade routes on outside

  3. Bedouins • Nomadic Arabs • Lived in the desert A desert-dwelling Arabian ethnic group traditionally divided into tribes, or clans, known in Arabic as ʿašāʾir (عَشَائِر)

  4. Pre-Mohammed • Kaaba – Sacred • Allah – Supreme God

  5. Muhammad • Born about 570 C.E. • Successful Merchant • Married Khadijah (former boss) • Traveled and interacted with Jews + Christians • Prayed in caves a lot • 610 C.E. Angel appears to him

  6. Revelations… or messages from the Angel Angel Gabriel gives Muhammad messages for humans from god Allah – only true/all powerful god

  7. Spreading the Revelations • Begins to preach in public • Many in Mecca fearful of him • Flees Mecca 619 C.E.

  8. A Growing Following Settles in Medina 622 C.E. Mecca and Medina fight, by 630 Mohammad controls Mecca

  9. The Qur’an (or Koran) Mohammad couldn’t read or write Teachings were written down, became the Qur’an

  10. The 5 Pillars Profess faith – “There is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is the messenger of god” 5 daily prayers facing Mecca Charity (Alms) to the poor Fasting during Ramadan Hajj – if physically/financially able, must travel to Mecca

  11. 632 C.E. Muhammad Died Abu Bakr – becomes first caliph (or successor) Keeps strong military Expands Muslim rule to the North

  12. Caliphate – area ruled by caliph

  13. Division Ali Uthman From Umayyad converted clan Umayyads only went to Islam when they had no choice Muhammad’s enemies • Cousin of Muhammad

  14. Conflict Uthman made caliph Killed Ali becomes caliph civil war – Ali killed Umayyad Dynasty

  15. Two Groups of Muslims Sunnis way of the prophet Shia Party of Ali Refused to accept Umayyads Believed Allah had blessed Ali’s family • Majority of Muslims accepted the Umayyad

  16. Umayyads Unpopular Shia continue to Oppose Abbasid family lead revolts – 740s C.E. Abbasid Dynasty

  17. The Abbasids • Made Islam more universal • Spread Islam from Southeast Asia to West Africa • “Golden Age of Islam” • “The Translation” – gathering of as much knowledge as possible, and preservation of ancient writings

  18. The Abbasids spread Islam to Western Africa ii

  19. And to India and Southeast Asia jjj

  20. By the 800s Abbasids begin losing control

  21. The Abbasids lost their empire bit by bit: Poor management of empire led to revolts Constant struggle of succession Over-use of resources By ~950 C.E. Egypt + Syria broke away …and invaders sack Baghdad

  22. The 1st Crusade 1096-1099 Christians from Europe invade and Capture Jerusalem Islamic Armies retake all lost territory by 1291

  23. So, massive mounted armies could not overthrow Muslim rule. Unless they were… Wait for it…

  24. …The Mongols! uuu

  25. Baghdad is sacked in 1258 This marks the end of the Abbasid Golden Age period The end of a single Islamic Empire Egypt and other small parts of the empire survive

  26. ;ll

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