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Transforming Healthcare: Understanding Diffusion of Innovations in Health Care Systems

This presentation by Professor Laura Schmidt delves into the essence of diffusion of innovations within health care systems. It outlines the stages of diffusion—including adoption, implementation, and routinization—while exploring factors that influence the adoption decisions among different types of adopters. Understanding both spontaneous and intentional change is critical for fostering innovation in healthcare. Key concepts include the importance of communication channels, the role of social networks, and the barriers to implementation. Discover how innovations can effectively enhance healthcare practices.

zorita-knowles
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Transforming Healthcare: Understanding Diffusion of Innovations in Health Care Systems

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Health Care Systems EPI 247: Week 7PART 2: HOW SYSTEMS CHANGEDiffusion of Innovation:Spontaneous Intentional Change Professor Laura Schmidt

  2. Defining Diffusion Diffusion is the process by which… …an innovation …is communicated through certain channels …over time …among members of a social system.

  3. Stages of Diffusion • Adoption • Learning about the innovation • Weighing compatibility and relative advantage • Timing of decision to adopt • Implementation • Introducing the innovation to org members • Addressing barriers to implementation (or not) • Routinizing the innovation for sustainability

  4. The Innovation • An idea, practice or object that seems “new” • Technology clusters may be adopted more rapidly than isolated innovations • Innovations both increase and decrease uncertainty

  5. Learning about Innovations • It’s a specific form of communication • Communication channels are social and interorganizational networks (e.g., members of the org’s environment) • Block modeling and sociograms are standard methods

  6. Deciding to Adopt • To adopt, it must be viewed as: • Compatible with existing values past experiences • To provide a relative advantage in terms of efficiency, prestige, convenience, satisfaction • Not too complex for adopters to understand • To have potential for triability or experimentation • To be observable, or visible to others in network

  7. The Diffusion Process • Commonly follows an “S-shaped” curve but slopes will vary and network characteristics will influence the curve • Critical mass (exponential growth at about 15-20% adoption within the network) • Once critical mass is reached, the innovation will diffuse “on its own” due to sunk costs and positive feedback loops

  8. Different Types of Adopters • Change agents—tend to have a personal investment in the innovation • Early adopters—tend to learn from distal network members, adopt for technical reasons, have org slack • Late adopters—tend to learn from proximal network members and adopt for social/institutional reasons

  9. Implementation Processes • “Re-invention” is common and innovations that are easily reinvented diffuse faster • Barriers to implementation: structure, culture, power/governance, relations with environment (usual suspects) • Decoupling is common among late adopters

  10. Implementation Success • Influenced by the innovation itself • Influenced by communication networks • Influenced by the structure of the system

  11. Key Questions for Research • How and why do orgs decide to adopt? • How do early and late adopters differ? • How can we speed up natural diffusion? • Why can’t we adopt and implement something known to be effective? • Why can’t we de-adopt something known to be ineffective? • How do we routinize the innovation? • Why are suboptimal technologies adopted and sustained, sometimes for centuries?

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