The Americas before “Discovery” Great Empires in Central & South America _________ in Mexico

1. The Americas before “Discovery” • Great Empires in Central & South America • _________ in Mexico • _________ in Peru • North America is less – • but . . . • Pueblos, Mound Builders, Mississippian • Iroquois Confederacy

2. “Discovery” • The first: ________* ~1000 AD • others? • Columbus – • Motivation • a. Originally: __________________ • b. Secondarily: ________________

3. Every Taino over the age of fourteen had to supply the rulers with a hawk's bell of gold every three months (or, in gold–deficient areas, twenty–five pounds of spun cotton); those who did were given a token to wear around their necks as proof that they had made their payment; those who did not were, as [Columbus' brother, Fernando] says discreetly, "punished"—by having their hands cut off, as [the priest, Bartolomé de] Las Casas says less discreetly, and left to bleed to death. • Source: Kirkpatrick Sale, The Conquest of Paradise: Christopher Columbus and the Columbian Legacy (New York: Alfred A. Knopf Publishers, 1990), p. 155.

4. Bartolome de Las Casas - • The Columbian Exchange* (14) • nice – • not nice -

6. Spain Dominates the Americas • Spain conquers Central & South America (18) • encomienda* - • mestizos* -

7. 1. What nation lost a major naval battle in 1588? • A. England • B. France • C. Portugal • D. Spain • E. Germany

8. 2. Who saved Jamestown from “utter collapse”? • A. John Smith • B. John Rolfe • C. James Oglethorpe • D. John Winthrop • E. John Calvin

9. 3. Which colony was famous for its relative religious tolerance? • A. Virginia • B. Maryland • C. North Carolina • D. South Carolina • E. Rhode Island

10. 4. _______ won the 2nd Anglo-Powhatan War. • A. Jamestown Dudes • B. The Powhatans • C. The Wampanoags • D. The Pequots • E. The Seminoles

11. 5. The Barbados code of 1661 applied to • A. slaves • B. land purchases • C. settlement rights • D. heretics • E. shipping merchants

12. CHAPTER TWO The Planting of English America 1500-1733 Page 25

13. By Beg. of 17th C (1600) • Spain Controls Cent. & S. Am. • N. Amer. Less settled • Spain in SW • French in NE • English @ Jamestown

14. European rivalry between • England (Protestant) & • Spain (Catholic) 1588 - • “red-letter day” (26) • Important to US History -

15. “Push” Factors in England • population increase – • enclosure movement - • “surplus population” - • primogeniture* - • joint stock company* -

16. JAMESTOWN* (1607) • Virginia Co. founded to – • NOT the pilgrims! • first wave wiped out because – • John Smith (Pocahontas) shows up – • 60/400 left after winter 1609 - • Lord De La Warr* shows up in 1610 - • 1. 2.

17. ANGLO-POWHATAN WARS 1610-1644 • Irish Tactics & Disease (31) • Peace Treaty of 1646 - • By 1685 – Powhatans extinct • Spanish v. English treatment of Natives: • The difference =

20. Cheesy Jamestown Summary & Tobacco

21. TOBACCO • John Rolfe – • “poor man’s crap” - • becomes Virginia’s cash crop • pros – cons – 1619 • The first _______ arrive, but . .. • the “color line” not yet drawn • The House of Burgesses -

23. MARYLAND (1634) • Lord Baltimore - • “haven for Catholics” • ruled by huge land barons until . . . – • Act of Toleration (1649) - • but . . .

24. WEST INDIES (~1650) • sugar - • “rich man’s crop” – • required intense labor • leads to 1st big use of African slaves • Barbados Slave Code* • precedent for -

26. THE CAROLINAS (1670) • Lords Proprietors - • economic ties to _____ ________ . • tried to - • but . . . • rice - • requires – • North Carolina - • like Rhode Island -

28. GEORGIA (1733) - Last of 13 • buffer to protect from • _______ (in FL) • _______ (in LA) • James Oglethorpe - • the “reformer” colony - • religious tolerance for all -

32. New England • Massachusetts • Connecticut • Rhode Island • New Hampshire

33. New England • puritan foundations – theocracy • ethnically homogeneous • tight knit town communities and family structure • “industrial colonies”

34. Middle Colonies • New York • New Jersey • Delaware • Pennsylvania

35. Middle Colonies • politically democratic • ethnically diverse • socially diverse • “bread colonies”

36. Southern • Maryland* • Virginia* • N. Carolina • South Carolina • Georgia * also called The Chesapeake Colonies

37. Southern • plantation agriculture • indentured and slave labor • economic and social hierarchy • scattered communities

38. CHAPTER THREE Settling the Northern Colonies 1619-1700 Page 42

39. Puritan Beginnings • Martin Luther,Germany-95 Theses (1517) • John Calvin, Switzerland - Calvinism • we are born evil - • Predestination - • Henry VIII creates the Anglican Church - • Puritans (Winthrop @ MBC) - • Seperatists (Pilgrims @ Plymouth) –

40. Pilgrims at Plymouth (1620) • Going to Virginia, but “got lost” - • “squatters” in MA • The Mayflower Compact - • merges with MBC in 1691

41. Massachusetts Bay Colony (1628) • covenant with God • he will protect them if . . . • John Winthrop – Gov. • “We shall be as a city upon a hill” • { insert taunt here } • MBC was a theocracy – • Puritan Values -

42. Make New Friends With Your Text! You Must Have: • 1. Text • 2. Reading Guide • 3. Partner Tomorrow: • Partner Reading Quiz p.51-60

43. How me make friends with book? Turn to p. 10 in Reading Guide • 1. read outline main idea • 2. read 2 paragraphs • 3. stop & debrief with your partner When you are done: • 1. Turn back to reading Guide • 2. Fill in blanks & check IDs

44. Heretics dissent Anne Hutchinson • Antinomianism - • banished from MBC in 1638 - Roger Williams • argued govern. could not rule religious behavior • should respect indians • Escaped MBC, formed R.I.

45. Roger Williams

46. Anne Hutchinson

47. Rhode Island (1636) • most progressive of all colonies • total religious freedom even for ______ & _______ ! • universal manhood suffrage – • squatters until 1644 • similar to N. Carolina -

48. Connecticut (1635) • The Fundamental Orders (1639) • the first – • men of “substantial standing”

49. Puritans kill Indians! • 1621- • 1637 Pequot War - • 1675 – King Phillip’s War - • result -

50. Salutary Neglect (until 1660s) 1660 = Restoration (Charles II – Revokes MBC charter (1684) New England Confederation (1643) – “Little Commonwealths” by 1660s England Colonies