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Understanding Diesel-Electric Locomotives: Engineering and Performance Insights

This overview delves into the fundamentals of diesel-electric locomotives, which are crucial for train operations. A locomotive, responsible for providing the motive power for trains, can be powered by steam, diesel-electric, electric, or hybrid systems. The discussion focuses on diesel-electric locos, their tractive effort, and adhesion control, essential for overcoming resistance. We also highlight their power systems, operating efficiency, maintenance requirements, and advancements in diagnostics technology. Explore the complexity of these powerful machines and their role in modern rail transport.

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Understanding Diesel-Electric Locomotives: Engineering and Performance Insights

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  1. CE 515 Railroad Engineering Rolling Stock: Locomotive Source: Armstrong Ch 4 AREMA Ch. 2.6 “Transportation exists to conquer space and time -”

  2. What is a Locomotive? • A Vehicle which Provides the Motive Power to the Train • Almost All Trains Use One or More

  3. Types of Locomotives • Steam • Diesel-Electric • Electric • Hybrid • This Discussion will Focus on Diesel-Electric http://www.brookvilleequipment.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=80

  4. Tractive Effort • The ability to Overcome Resistance • Starting • Grade • Wind • Curve • Rolling • Is Discussed Further in REES #3

  5. Tractive Effort

  6. Adhesion Control • Grip Rail without Slipping • Dependant on weather, rail conditions • Controlled automatically in modern locomotive • Sanding http://science.howstuffworks.com/diesel-locomotive3.htm

  7. Power to Pull Train • Not all Engine Power Pulls Train • Powering Auxiliary Devices, Efficiency Losses, Pulling Locomotive Itself • On Average, 82% of Power Left to Pull Train

  8. Locomotives Today • Used Today on Class I • Endcab Switcher (5%) • Four-Axle Road Switcher (20%) • Six Axle Medium Horsepower Road Switcher (15%) • High Horsepower Six-Axle Road Switcher (55%)

  9. Prime Mover (Engine) • V-8 to V-20 Diesel Engine • Idle at 300 rpm, Full Power 900-1050 rpm • Alternator Converts into Electrical Energy for Traction • AC produced, converted to DC (and converted back for AC) http://www.vistacorpofva.com/images/engine1.jpg

  10. What Locomotive Carries • Engine Cooling Water: 325 gallons • Engine Lube Oil: 450 gallons • Diesel Fuel: 5000 gallons • Sand: 1.5 tons

  11. Traction Power System • DC is used for 80% of Fleet • What Actually Drives the Wheels • Since 1990’s AC is Gaining Ground • AC Offers Greater Power • However, Most Have Gone Back to Regular Power • Used Mainly in Heavy Haul

  12. Emissions • 1998-EPA Issues Final Emission Standards • Applies to Newly Manufactured and Remanufactured Locomotives After January 1, 1973 • Tier Based on Manufacture Date • Plus Tiers for Remanufacture http://www.epa.gov/oms/regs/nonroad/locomotv/420f09025.pdf

  13. Locomotive Controls • Minimum Levers, but Connected to Circuitry • “Microprocessor” Control • Display Screens • Interfaces with Primary Operator

  14. Four vs. Six Axles • Why Have 6 Axles when 4 can Haul More Tonnage? • Adhesion at Higher Speeds and Grades • Starting up?

  15. Maintenance and Life Span • Most New Locomotives can Self-Diagnose Problems • Different Inspections Mandatory at Daily, 92-days, Annual, and Biennial Periods • Remote Diagnostics • Average Locomotive Service is 20-25 Years • Used to be Returned to Manufacturer, but Now Sold to Smaller Railroads

  16. Videos / Websites • How Diesel-Electric Locomotive Works: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L8MxASJoC4M • Modern Marvels: Freight Trains (go to 5:00 for Sand Operations) (Evan Vencil): http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h6ozfxDeXII&feature=related • http://science.howstuffworks.com/diesel-locomotive3.htm (Nicole Oneyear) • http://www.thedieselshop.us/DS.html (Ben Hucker) • http://www.nrm.org.uk/OurCollection/LocomotivesAndRollingStock.aspx?ipp=12&cat=All&comp=All (Na Ning)

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