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Grace Murray Hopper

Grace Murray Hopper. By: Margaret Girard, Brandon Fitzgerald and Tabitha Thibault. Early Childhood and Family. December 9, 1906 NYC Walter Fletcher Murray Mary Campbell Horne Murray Named after her mother’s best friend Grace Brewster ‘Amazing Grace’ Oldest of three children Mary Roger.

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Grace Murray Hopper

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  1. Grace Murray Hopper By: Margaret Girard, Brandon Fitzgerald and Tabitha Thibault

  2. Early Childhood and Family • December 9, 1906 NYC • Walter Fletcher Murray • Mary Campbell Horne Murray • Named after her mother’s best friend Grace Brewster • ‘Amazing Grace’ • Oldest of three children • Mary • Roger

  3. Hobbies and Interests • Summer Vacations • Kick the Can • Hide and Seek • Cops and Robbers • Reading • Needlepoint • Playing the Piano

  4. Grace at a Young Age • Very Curious • Alarm Clocks • Practice Math Skills • Father’s Influence

  5. Grammar School • Graham School • Schoonmakers School • Played basketball, water polo, and field hockey.

  6. College Degrees • Applied to Vassar in 1923 • Failed first attempt • Attended Hartridge in NJ • Phi Beta Kappa 1928 • Bachelors Degrees

  7. After College • Marriage • Teaching • Published Paper- “The ungenerated seven as an index to Pythagorean number theory” • Divorced in 1946

  8. Pre Military Career • 1930 • Math Teacher at Yale University until 1934 • Left Yale • Began teaching at Vassar, an all girls school

  9. Beginning Military Career • 34-years-old • wanted to join the Navy Waves (Women Accepted for Voluntary Emergency Service) • Too old to enlist, and too skinny • December 1943 • Officially in the United States Navy • 1944 • First active duty assignment-Bureau of Ordnance Computation Project at Harvard University (worked on Mark I, and wrote Manual of Operation for the Automatic Sequence-Controlled Calculator) • Worked under Howard H. Aiken

  10. Influenced to Join the Navy • December 7, 1941 • Pearl Harbor, American Navy Base was bombed • Family had a strong military background

  11. Trying to Retire • 1966 • Grace retires at age 57 • Received rank of commander • Retirement last one year • 1967, called back into duty

  12. Returning for More • 1967 • Assigned to Special Assistant to the Secretary of the Navy • Worked as an Automatic Data Processor for six months • 1973 • Becomes Captain Grace Murray Hopper • 1977 • Appointed Advisor to Commandor

  13. Serving the Navy Proudly • Involuntarily retires at age 74 • Served for 43 years • 1985 • Promoted to Admiral Grace Murray Hopper • One of only a few women to receive such an honor • Oldest personnel retiree in Navy history • One of the last WWII participant to leave active duty

  14. Grace Hopper’s Contributions to Computers

  15. Programming The First Computers • Invented the first compiler in 1952 (A-0) • It translated symbolic mathematical code into machine code allowing computers to understand “human” instructions • FLOW-MATIC (B-0) • She taught UNIVAC I and II, which were two of the first commercial computers to understand twenty English-like statements by the end of 1956. • Used for business tasks, led to COBOL

  16. Co-inventor of COBOL (Common Business-Oriented Language) • COBOL made it possible for computers to respond to words rather than numbers. • Developed a common language with which computers could communicate • most widely used computer business language in the world • enabled firms large and small to compile computerized payroll, billing, and other records.

  17. The Mark 1The First Modern Computer Howard Aiken and Grace Hopper at Harvard University built it. The U.S. Navy used it during World War II. Measured 51 feet long, 8 feet tall, and weighed 5 tons

  18. The Mark II The Mark 2 Aiken Relay Calculator The First "Computer Bug" Moth found trapped in the Mark II Aiken Relay Calculator while it was being tested at Harvard University, 9 September 1945.

  19. Awards • Named the first computer science Man of the Year in 1969 • The first woman to be elected Distinguished Fellow of the British Computer Society in 1973 • In 1991 President George Bush awarded Hopper the National Medal of Technology • Received at least 37 honorary degrees

  20. Achievements • Retiring from the Navy as a Rear Admiral and the oldest serving officer at that time • Being the first woman to be awarded a Ph.D. in Mathematics from Yale University. • She was the first Naval Reserve woman to be called back to active duty.

  21. Grace Hopper Died on January 1, 1992 • She is buried in Arlington National Cemetery, in the middle of Section 59 (59/973)

  22. Remembering Grace • Grace's Place is a museum about computers and information technology. It was named in memory of Rear Admiral Grace Murray Hopper, in recognition of her contribution to computing in general, and specifically business computing.

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