CICP Briefing to

1. CICP Briefing toPermanent MissionsDecember 16, 1999

UNCICPUnited NationsCentre for International Crime Prevention

2. Global Programme against Corruption

UNCICPUnited NationsCentre for International Crime Prevention

3. Corruption;How Big is the Problem?

Few Success Stories (Hong Kong) Inadequate AC Strategies and Programmes Estimated leakage on donor projects 30-35% on World Bank Projects WB President Wolfensohn -- “Our Biggest Challenge” Criminal Justice System --- key culprit 65% paid bribes to police 50% to the courts in Uganda 60% paid bribes to police 49% to the courts in Bolivia 45% paid bribes to the police in Ukraine

4. Overall Objectives of CICP’s Global Programme against Corruption

Awareness raising Institution building Prevention Enforcement/Criminal Justice Reduce Corruption Increase Integrity Guarantee Rule of Law Few Players

5. Integrated Strategy for Curbing Corruption

Independence of Branches and checks and balances Building Capacity: - Skills and Tools - Mindset - Integrity CICP - Incentives - Leadership Economic/Fin. Reform: - Tax reform - Deregulation - Open the Economy - Customs Reform Empowering Civil society and the Media to monitor the State Legislative Reform Citizens/Youth Empowerment RULE OF LAW Executive Reform/ Modernization Responsible Media Civil Rights Political Reform “Watchdog Agencies” CICP/UNICRI CICP CICP CICP CICP IGG AG PAC CICP/UNICRI Judicial Reform

6. Implementation Strategy

The Action Learning Process: 2. Conduct National & Sub-national Projects 1. Invitation by member country 5. Monitor, Analyse & Evaluate: UNICRI, 4. Disseminate Lessons learned (web) 3. Obtain Results Designed as an action oriented instrument, the Global Program against corruption is based on Assessment and policy analysis Technical cooperation and programme and impact evaluation. Through those three angles, the Global Programme will provide reliable and timely information on trends in corruption as well as on effective policy strategies to reduce and control corruption. The purpose is to provide technical cooperation to Member States, mainly developing countries and countries in transition, to assist them in their efforts to curb corruption.Designed as an action oriented instrument, the Global Program against corruption is based on Assessment and policy analysis Technical cooperation and programme and impact evaluation. Through those three angles, the Global Programme will provide reliable and timely information on trends in corruption as well as on effective policy strategies to reduce and control corruption. The purpose is to provide technical cooperation to Member States, mainly developing countries and countries in transition, to assist them in their efforts to curb corruption.

7. Immediate Objectives of the GPACIdentify Best Practices Curbing Corruption

International Level: Develop an international procurement monitoring mechanism Identify, analyse, pilot-test and evaluate anti-corruption tools Disseminate anti-corruption tools on CICP’s Web-page Regional Seminars for judges in partnership with TI and others National/ Municipal Level: Pilot projects testing out anti-corruption tools in 13 countries across the 5 regions of the world.

8. Awareness Raising

Involve all Stakeholders in AC Action Planning Access to Information Empower Civil Society (Youth) to Oversee State Broad Based Perception Surveys (service/corruption) Awareness Raising Campaigns TV, Radio or news papers Target special groups or in general Hong Kong conducted in 1998 2500 workshops

9. Institution Building

Strengthen Supreme Audit Institutions Strengthen Judiciary; Training of Judges Ombudsman; credible and efficient complaints system Anti-Corruption Coordinating Committee Strengthen Media- investigative journalism Strengthen the Legislative

10. Prevention

Code of Conduct Integrated Financial Management Systems Island of Integrity/Integrity Pacts Strengthen Procurement and Public Tendering Results-oriented Management Citizen’s Charter, performance standards Declaration and Monitoring of Assets for all leaders

11. Enforcement

Strengthen Prosecution Monitoring of International Transactions Enforce AC Legislation (“Burden of Proof”) Amnesty Integrity Test Dedicated Corruption Courts

12. Programme’s Timing

Phase 1 (2000)- 8 pilot countries Hungary, Lebanon, Uganda, Nicaragua, Benin, Nigeria, Bolivia and South Africa Phase 2 (2001-2002) 13 pilot countries Hungary, Lebanon, Uganda, Nicaragua, Benin, Nigeria, Bolivia, South Africa, Tajikistan, Guatemala, Indonesia, Macedonia and Zimbabwe

13. CICP Global Programme, Implementation Status

Hungary Lebanon Uganda Nicaragua Benin Nigeria Bolivia South Africa Tajikistan Guatemala Zimbabwe Yes Yes Yes $ 175,000 Yes Yes Yes Yes $ 104,460 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Request Project Proposal Agree- ment Funds $$$ Project Start Evalua- tion Stages Countries $ 200,000 $ 100,000 Yes PHASE 1 (2000) PHASE 2, (2001) Indonesia Macedonia Yes 2000 2001 2002 Funds $$$ Funds $$$ $ 100,000 $ 100,000 $ 100,000 $ 100,000 $ 50,000 $ 50,000 $ 100,000 $ 100,000 $ 50,000 $ 50,000 $ 50,000 $ 50,000 $ 100,000 Yes

14. Outputs and Impacts of the Global Programme against Corruption

Outputs (short term) Corruption Monitoring Protocol International Database-experience with AC-tools Ad hoc Legislative Provisions and Organizational Remedies Facilitate National AC Programmes in pilot countries Impact (medium term) Increased awareness and involvement of Stakeholders Increased risk and cost of being corrupt Reduced Leakage and Diversion of Funds Impact (long term) Rule of Law

15. Funding Gap

Year Funds needed Gap 2000 2,125,000 1,050,000 2001 2,250,000 1,500,000 2002 2,325,000 1,825,000 Total 6,700,000 4,375,000

16. Dissemination of the results

Database on Internet containing Information on: Anti-Corruption Experts Anti-corruption Projects in Pilot Countries Experiences with Anti-corruption tools Best Practice Raising the risk and cost of being Corrupt Guarantee RULE OF LAW

17. Global Programme against Trafficking in Human Beings

UNCICPUnited NationsCentre for International Crime Prevention

18. Technical Co-operation

National and regional projects will include: Capacity building Awareness raising and prevention Training National and international cooperation Victim-witness protection

19. Assessment and Evaluation

Assessments of  trafficking/smuggling flows Collection of best practices BEST PRACTICES 99-12-16 ODCCP 19

20. Programme outputs

Assessment of trafficking and smuggling flows Databank of Best Practices National/Regional projects International Strategy follow up: Global Forum

21. Current CICP/UNICRI Projects

Asia: The Philippines Eastern Europe / EU: Austria, Czech Republic,Finland,The Netherlands and Poland Latin America: Brazil Western Africa: Benin, Cote d’Ivoire, Nigeria and Togo

22. Funding

Donations pledged/received: USD 746,000 Donors: Austria, European Commission, France,The Netherlands,Portugal, the United States of America and Australia Total Budget: USD 6.5 million for three years Funds needed: USD 2.3 million for the year 2000 

23. ProgrammePartnership

International Organisations Non-governmental Organisations

24. Assessing Transnational Organized Crime Groups:Dangerousness and Trends

UNCICPUnited NationsCentre for International Crime Prevention UNCICPUnited NationsCentre for International Crime Prevention Global Studies on Organised Crime

25. The Problem

Globalization/Expansion of markets Parallel expansion of illegal markets Internationalization of organized crime groups Opportunities to enter the official economy Recent years have seen an expansion in complexity and scope of organized crime and in the development of illicit markets. No longer is crime a national concern. It has moved beyond national borders to pose serious threat to the global arena. Yet, there is very little in the way of sound, robust analysis of the dynamics of organized crime, particularly that related to the way organized criminal groups are structured and how they employ capital, violence, and the corruption of public officials to criminal ends. This project intends to try to help fill that void.Recent years have seen an expansion in complexity and scope of organized crime and in the development of illicit markets. No longer is crime a national concern. It has moved beyond national borders to pose serious threat to the global arena. Yet, there is very little in the way of sound, robust analysis of the dynamics of organized crime, particularly that related to the way organized criminal groups are structured and how they employ capital, violence, and the corruption of public officials to criminal ends. This project intends to try to help fill that void.

26. Objectives and Outputs

Provide reliable information Identify trends Strengthen Technical Cooperation Assess danger and threat Mapping Responses

27. Method of Work

Background information on legislation Qualitative and quantitative data Network of focal persons and organizations Analysis The project will follow a diversified method of work to allow for the greatest possible coverage of the phenomenon. Firstly, the project team will continually collect and review various sources of information to include national statistical reports, research studies, relevant publications, legislation, treaties, etc, and systematically incorporate this information into the central repository. Secondly, the project team intends to fully elaborate a set of dangerous indicators to assess risk and threat; Thirdly, a panel of experts and scholars will be assembled for periodic consultations on organized crime groups. The experts will be from countries in which the criminal groups are operating. Fourthly, these experts will help to form the beginnings of a network of liaison officers and contact persons at the local and national level. (Using recognized experts to review the findings of the project team is a trusted and well-supported mechanism to test the validity of the dangerousness assessments made.)The project will follow a diversified method of work to allow for the greatest possible coverage of the phenomenon. Firstly, the project team will continually collect and review various sources of information to include national statistical reports, research studies, relevant publications, legislation, treaties, etc, and systematically incorporate this information into the central repository. Secondly, the project team intends to fully elaborate a set of dangerous indicators to assess risk and threat; Thirdly, a panel of experts and scholars will be assembled for periodic consultations on organized crime groups. The experts will be from countries in which the criminal groups are operating. Fourthly, these experts will help to form the beginnings of a network of liaison officers and contact persons at the local and national level. (Using recognized experts to review the findings of the project team is a trusted and well-supported mechanism to test the validity of the dangerousness assessments made.)

28. Status of Implementation

1. Pilot Survey 12 countries and 1 Region: Australia, Canada, Colombia, Czech Republic, German Federal Republic, Italy, Japan, Russian Federation, Republic of South Africa, the Netherlands, United States of America, United Kingdom; the Caribbean. 2. Project Proposal on O.C. in the ECOWAS Region

29. Time Frame

Global Programme: Five-year Project Budget: $ 4,5 M 1999-2004 1st Phase: Pilot Survey + O.C. in ECOWAS Funds pledged/received $ 228,000 1999-2000 Report International Conference

30. CICP Operations Branch

UNCICPUnited NationsCentre for International Crime Prevention

31. Contributions and Pledges to the Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Fund

Total 1999 4.4 Mil Total (1996 – 1999): US$ 9.6 Mil.

32. Contributions to the Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Fund

33. Donations to the Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Fund 1999

34. New CICP Projects not yet funded:

Guatemala: Technical Cooperation Programme for the Reform of the Criminal Justice System (US$ 4 Mil) Caribbean: Penal Reform (US$ 1 Mil) Senegal: Crime Prevention in the Dakar Region (US$ 1.4 Mil) South Africa: Support to the Office of the National Director of Public Prosecution (US$ 1 Mil) Russian Federation: Database for CIS States and Assessment of Organized Crime in the Russian Federation (US$ 1.5 Mil) Total Funds needed: US$ 8.9 Mil

35. ODCCP Field Presence

Pretoria, South Africa (sub-region) Tashkent, Uzbekistan (sub-region) Cairo, North Africa and Middle East (sub-region) Moscow (Russian Federation) 99-12-16 ODCCP 35

36. Thank you for your attention