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The University of New Mexico & The Office of Animal Care and Compliance

The University of New Mexico & The Office of Animal Care and Compliance. present Hantavirus Risk Reduction Based on the CDC Video Series A learning module developed by OACC. Introduction.

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The University of New Mexico & The Office of Animal Care and Compliance

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  1. The University of New Mexico& The Office of Animal Care and Compliance present Hantavirus Risk Reduction Based on the CDC Video Series A learning module developed by OACC

  2. Introduction • This module was developed to prepare you for Hantavirus Risks involved in doing field research with Rodents

  3. General Background • Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) was identified in the Southwestern United States in 1993 • This disease agent occurs naturally throughout most of North and South America; it is airborne, and in the absence of prompt medical attention, its infections are usually fatal The actual virus Reported cases in the U.S.

  4. Hantavirus Vectors • The Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus) is the most common host • It can also be found in other rodent hosts, such as the Cotton Rat (Sigmodon hispidus), the marsh rice rat (Oryzomys palustris) and the white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus) • All wild-caught rodents should be considered hosts

  5. Infection • The main method of transmission is when the virus enters the body by breathing contaminated air • This happens when fresh urine, droppings, or contaminated nesting material are stirred up and the virus floats in the air • It is suspected that a person could get it if they touched a surface contaminated with rodent excretions and then touched their nose or mouth

  6. Infection • Another way a person might get it is through rodent bites • Typical transmission cycle

  7. Infected Animals • Rodents can carry Hantavirus which is passed in the saliva, urine, and droppings of infected rodents • People are infected when they breath in tiny particles of these materials in dust from places where rodents are living and active • People can also become infected by handling contaminated materials and then touching the mouth or nose • Hantavirus is NOT spread from person to person

  8. Hantavirus Contact Risks • Hantavirus infection has been epidemiologically associated with disturbing excreta in rodent-infested areas while hiking or camping and keeping captive wild rodents as research subjects • Persons at higher risk for infection include: Mammalogists, and Farm and domestic workers • More than half of the patients who've gotten the disease have died despite good medical care

  9. Hantavirus Symptoms: • The first symptoms are general and flu-like: fever, headache, stomach pain, pain in the joints and lower back, coughing, and sometimes nausea and vomiting • The main later symptom is difficulty in breathing as lungs fill with fluid • This can quickly lead to an inability to breathe and even death from suffocation • Symptoms can appear from 3 days to 6 weeks after infection, but usually within 2 weeks • It is important to realize that ear aches, sore throats or rashes are very, very uncommon with this infection

  10. Symptoms • If you have any of these symptoms within 6 to 7 weeks of having contact with wild rodents or rodent droppings GO TO EOHS, THE STUDENT HEALTH CENTER, OR THE UNM EMERGENCY ROOM

  11. Prevention: Personal Protective Equipment • When removing rodents from traps or handling rodents, personnel should wear a half-face, tight seal, negative-pressure particulate air filter • Latex or Nitrile gloves should also be worn

  12. Prevention: Cleanliness • Rodent urine and droppings should always be cleaned up from all contaminated surfaces • This can be done by Spraying with a disinfectant, or chlorine solution until thoroughly soaked, and wiping contaminants into a biohazard bag • Disinfecting solutions include: a 1:10 chlorine solution, and household disinfectants based on phenols, quaternary ammonium compounds, and hypochlorite

  13. Prevention: Cleanliness After the rodent droppings have been removed, gloves should also be disinfected before they are removed

  14. Prevention • The best available approach to disease control is risk reduction through environmental modification and hygiene practices

  15. Protective Equipment – Re-Cap • Rodents WILL BITE – use gloves when handling them • Rodents can carry diseases – use gloves when handling them • Rodents can carry diseases - a filter mask should be worn when handling them or in areas where they live

  16. This Concludes Module 11A – Hantavirus Risk Reduction • Please download the exam, complete it, then e-mail it to KMirowsky@salud.unm.edu • For more information, or if you have questions, please contact OACC @ 272-6806

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