Programmable System-on-Chip (PSoC) General Overview Embedded Architectures EE446

1. Programmable System-on-Chip (PSoC) General OverviewEmbedded ArchitecturesEE446

2. Typical Microcontroller Purposes Computer uC Thermal Gyro Acceleration • The purpose for uC’s is to interface multiple types of hardware. • Digital Input/Outputs: • Switches • Relays • LEDs • Digital Communications: I2C, SPI • Analog Input/Outputs

3. Example of Hardware Interfacing

4. Regular Microcontroller Caveats • What if you need more Analog Inputs? • What if you need more Interrupts? • Advanced projects: more PWMs needed? • Use external circuitry • Buy a larger microcontroller

5. What is a Programmable System-on-Chip (PSoC)? • A customizable microcontroller that includes flexible analog and digital logic blocks. • Analog blocks: • High-resolution inputs (up to 20-bit) • 4 Digital-to-Analog Converters • Digital logic blocks (UDBs): • A wide mix of digital peripherals can be implemented into a single chip. • Up to 4 voltage domains • Almost all pins can be flexible in terms of being digital or analog.

6. What is a Programmable System-on-Chip (PSoC)? • PSoC-5 (Powered by ARM Core) • Provides above features plus ARM processor benefits: • Up to 67Mhz • Flash: Up to 256kb • SRAM: Up to 65kb • Up to 70 I/O pins

7. General Overview of PSoC Features

9. API Cypress PSoC IDE

10. Cypress PSoC IDE (Block Configuration)

11. PSoC Pin Routing

12. PSoC Main Program Code ISR Flag Main loop ISR Flag

13. API’s for the PSoC Blocks

14. API’s for the PSoC Blocks

15. Top-level UDB Block Diagram

16. Top-level UDB Routing Diagram

17. Extensive Uses of UDBs • Examples of possible hardware configurations on a single (and largest) PSoC chip: • 12 UARTs or • 28 PWMs • For a normal microcontroller, this configuration is impossible without resorting to additional external hardware, such as: • Daisy-chain or bus-connected peripherals: • Microcontrollers • I2C/SPI-connected hardware for UART, PWM, etc.

18. Extensive Uses of UDBsTechnology Mapping Summary

19. Extensive Uses of UDBsTechnology Mapping Summary

20. PSoC Top-Level Analog Routing Diagram

21. PSoC Analog Routing • Analog Local Bus • 4 on left side, 4 on right side • Connects to analog resource blocks only • No access to GPIO’s • Analog Global Bus • Connects I/O to analog resource blocks on same side • Connects to GPIO on their respective quadrant • 8 routes on left side, 8 routes on right side • Analog Mux Bus • Connects the buses to the ‘outside’ world • Can connect to all GPIO’s and all analog resource blocks

22. PSoC Die Quadrants Analog Routing Global Bus

23. Detailed Analog Routing

24. Interrupts

25. Why have interrupts? • An external event that needs immediate attention. • An ‘emergency’ switch • A long-running timer • PSoC-5 supports 16 system interrupts and 32 from peripherals. • Tail Chaining (Back-to-Back) • Late Arrival (Lower  Higher) • Reprioritize Interrupts • Same Priority? • Fixed Function  DMA  UDB

26. Interrupts • Some modules that are used needs immediate attention in real time.

27. Interrupt Vector Table

28. How Interrupts Work

29. Interrupt Setup and ISR

30. Tail Chaining Interrupts

31. Late Arrival Interrupts

32. Polling vs Interrupting • Signals can happen too fast for the CPU to read or process!

33. Example PSoC ProjectFirmware Overview I/O Communications Inputs From Sensors Outputs To Devices

34. Raw Sensor Data Collection to the Host PC • Digital: • I2C used in Gyroscopes, Accelerometers, Magnetometers (IMU), and Temperature Sensor • UART from Sonar @ 9600bps (8N1) • For this particular usage, very inefficient. • Requires interrupts and additional code complexity. • Very slow data updates. • ADC Settings and Inputs: • 14-bits @ 70,000 Samples Per Second (currently) • Vcc = 5 Volt (Reference) • Raw value range: • 0v  5v • 0  16384

35. PSoC Data Output Servo Position Infrared Gyro X-Axis Gyro Y-Axis Gyro Z-Axis Sonar (analog) Raw ADC Values: 85 updates/sec over Serial UART @ 115200bps (8N1)

36. Host PC Application GUI