Learning Objectives: What are Tectonic Plates? What are Seismic Waves?

The Structure of the Earth Learning Objectives: What are Tectonic Plates? What are Seismic Waves? How do Scientists explore the structure of the earth?

Use IRIS interactive map below, then go to the next slide and click on the question marks to discuss those points in your group! IRIS What are Tectonic Plates?

Is there a relationship between the map of the world and tectonic plates? Ever witnessed an Earthquake? What did you feel? What could the distribution of earthquakes suggest about tectonic plates? Where are most volcanoes distributed? Is there a pattern? Is Pacific Ocean just a fancy name? Why do you think it was called that? Alt + click to input text Shift + Click to rotate clockwise Ctrl + Alt + click to Shrink Ctrl + click to enlarge Click "Show Instructions" to see how to edit these Click to drag and drop What are Tectonic Plates? Hide instructions Show instructions

Seismic Waves Why do earthquakes happen? Look and the animations below and label the type of waves produced by each situation. What are Seismic Waves?

Seismic Waves There are three types of seismic waves generated by the release of energy stored in rocks on either side of a fault. You will need the information below for the next activity. Surface Waves  travel along the Earth’s crust Primary (P) Waves  longitudinal waves. They are faster than S waves and can travel through liquids as well as solids Secondary (S) Waves  transversal waves. They are slower than P waves and can travel only through solids What are Seismic Waves?

The structure of the Earth In this role play you will analyse data from a Seismographer to determine the structure of the Earth. Click on your seismic station. A B C D How do Scientists explore the structure of the earth?

This is the seismograph recorded at station A. What type of waves produced traces 1 and 2? Why did you get two traces? What does this suggest about the material making the Mantle (the orange ring)? This is the path travelled by seismic waves generated by the earthquake from the epicentre to station A. ALT + click to edit this text and write your group notes and observations! Click on the question marks to see more information and prompts that will help you understand the structure of the earth between the epicentre and station A A 2 1 Can you think of a reason why the path of the seismic waves is bent inside the mantle? What does this suggest about the consistency of the materials? How do things change as the depth increases? B Click on the call outs, then press ALT and click on the box that will appear to write your observations and discussion notes to share with other groups. ALT + click to edit this text and write your group notes and observations! C D Move on How do Scientists explore the structure of the earth? Hide instructions Show instructions

This is the seismograph recorded at station B What type of waves produced traces 1 and 2? Why did you get two traces? What does this suggest about the material making the Mantle (the orange ring)? This is the path travelled by seismic waves generated by the earthquake from the epicentre to station A. ALT + click to edit this text and write your group notes and observations! Click on the question marks to see more information and prompts that will help you understand the structure of the earth between the epicentre and station A A 2 1 Can you think of a reason why the path of the seismic waves is bent inside the mantle? What does this suggest about the consistency of the materials? How do things change as the depth increases? B Click on the call outs, then press ALT and click on the box that will appear to write your observations and discussion notes to share with other groups. ALT + click to edit this text and write your group notes and observations! C D Move on How do Scientists explore the structure of the earth? Hide instructions Show instructions

This is the seismograph recorded at station C. What type of waves produced trace 1? Why did you only get one large trace? What does this suggest about the materials making the Mantle and the Core? This is the path travelled by seismic waves generated by the earthquake from the epicentre to station A. ALT + click to edit this text and write your group notes and observations! Click on the question marks to see more information and prompts that will help you understand the structure of the earth between the epicentre and station A A 1 Can you think of a reason why the path of the seismic waves is bent inside the mantle and the core? Why does the path of the seismic waves bend sharply at the boundaries between Mantle and Core? B Click on the call outs, then press ALT and click on the box that will appear to write your observations and discussion notes to share with other groups. ALT + click to edit this text and write your group notes and observations! C D Move on How do Scientists explore the structure of the earth? Hide instructions Show instructions

This is the seismograph recorded at station D. What type of waves produced trace 1? Why did you only get one large trace? What does this suggest about the materials making the Mantle and the Core? This is the path travelled by seismic waves generated by the earthquake from the epicentre to station A. ALT + click to edit this text and write your group notes and observations! Click on the question marks to see more information and prompts that will help you understand the structure of the earth between the epicentre and station A A 1 Trace 1 was detected at your station (D) earlier than at station C. What could this suggest about the composition of the Inner Core (small orange circle)? B ALT + click to edit this text and write your group notes and observations! Click on the call outs, then press ALT and click on the box that will appear to write your observations and discussion notes to share with other groups. C D Move on How do Scientists explore the structure of the earth? Hide instructions Show instructions

Now number you group members 1 to 4 and join the group of students with your number. Then, use the box below to describe the structure of the Earth after discussing your findings together. ALT + Click to edit this text, or delete and use INK for PowerPoint (the interactive pen in the bottom left corner) to write your conclusions! A B C D How do Scientists explore the structure of the earth?

How do Scientists explore the structure of the earth?

Alt + Click on this callout to explain how you learned it! Alt + Click on this callout to explain how you learned it! Alt + Click on the two red boxes to write two things you are have understood well about this task/topic! Alt + Click on this callout to explain where you learned this! Alt + Click on this callout to explain where you learned this! Alt + Click on this callout to explain where you learned this! Alt + Click on the three green boxes to write three things you already knew about this task/topic! Alt + Click on this callout to explain why you are still unsure about this task/topic, or to explain why you are interested in the question you have written! Is there anyone in the class that has this point in the middle two boxes? Alt + Click on the blue box to write one thing you are still not sure about this task/topic, or a question you would like to answer! Alt + click to input text Shift + Click to rotate clockwise Ctrl + Alt + click to Shrink Ctrl + click to enlarge Let’s reflect on our learning! Hide instructions Show instructions

What have we learnt? • What are Tectonic Plates? The continents are on huge plates of rock, which move slowly because of the convection currents in the mantle. • What are Seismic Waves? When energy stored in rocks is released on either sides of a fault earthquakes occur and generate P, S and surface waves • How do Scientists explore the structure of the earth? Geophysicists study the records from different seismic stations to investigate the structure of the earth Learning outcomes

Learning Objectives: What are Tectonic Plates? What are Seismic Waves?