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Mannerism. The artistic Renaissance came to an end when a new movement emerged in Italy in eh 1520s and 1530s. This movement was called Mannerism. The Reformation brought revival to religious views. Along with this revival came political strife.
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Mannerism • The artistic Renaissance came to an end when a new movement emerged in Italy in eh 1520s and 1530s. • This movement was called Mannerism. • The Reformation brought revival to religious views. • Along with this revival came political strife. • The Renaissance represented balance, harmony, and moderation. • Mannerism used elegant figures to show suffering, heightened emotions, and religious ecstasy. • Mannerism reached its peek with the work of El Greco.
Tintoretto's Last Supper epitomizes Mannerism by taking Jesus and the table out of the middle of the room. He showed all that was happening. The painting emphasizes light and motion, dramatizing the image. Unlike more traditional views of the Last Supper, he depicts Heaven opening up into the room, and the angels looking on in awe, per the old Catholic maxim that "If the angels were capable of envy, they would envy the Eucharist."
One of the distinguishing features of Renaissance art was its development of highly realistic linear perspective.
The Baroque Period • Mannerism was replaced by the Baroque movement. • This movement began in the late 16th century and covered the majority of Europe and even parts of Latin America. • The Catholic reform movement adopted the baroque style.
Baroque Characteristics • Artist tried to bring classical ideals of the Renaissance art with spiritual feelings of the 16th century religious revival. • Known for its use of dramatic effects to arouse emotions.
Gian Lorenzo Bernini Completed Saint Peter’s Basilica. Action, exuberance, and dramatic effects mark the work of Bernini in the interior of Saint Peter’s.
Throne of Saint Peter The Pope’s medieval wooden throne.
Golden Age of Literature • In England and Spain writing for the theater reached new heights. Other forms of literature became popular as well. • Of all the forms of Elizabethan literature, none expressed the energy of the era better than drama. • The most popular of all the dramatists was William Shakespeare. • http://www.biography.com/people/william-shakespeare-9480323
Political Thought • Thomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England. He wrote Leviathan, a work on political thought to try to deal with the problem of disorder. • Believed that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society. • Human life is poor, nasty, brutish, and short. • Humans are not guided by reason but by self preservation • To save themselves from destroying one another they made a social contract and formed a state. • People then agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who possessed unlimited power.
John Locke • Wrote Two Treatises of Government. • Argued against the absolute rule of one person. • Believed before society was organized, humans lived in equality and freedom. • In this state humans had natural rights. • Rights with which people are born with. These included rights to life, liberty, and property. • People had a hard time protecting rights so made a contract with government. • It was the government’s job to protect these rights.
USA! • Locke was not an advocate of democracy, but his ideas proved important to both Americans and French in the 18th century. • These ideas were used to support demands for constitutional government, the rule of law, and the protection of rights. • Locke’s ideas can be found in the American Declaration of Independence and the United States Constitution.
John Locke Thomas Locke
