James Monroe

1. James Monroe “Era of Good Feelings” Collapse of Federalist Party Monroe was the first clear representative of the one-party system under the Republicans: 1. Cooperation stemming from one-party politics 2. America’s high morale after the War of 1812.

3. Monroe Doctrine Several revolutions against Spanish rule flared up in South and Central America and ousted the colonial governments Simon Bolivar established independent regimes The U.S., having itself broken away from colonial rule, officially recognized these new countries, and established lucrative trading relations with many of them.

4. Cont. Fear that European governments would intervene and try to reassert colonial dominance: Secretary of State John Quincy Adams wrote the Monroe Doctrine Doctrine declared American dominance in the Western Hemisphere and warned against European interference in the Americas.

5. 3 Principles of Monroe Doctrine 1. Unless American interests were involved, the United States would stay out of European wars. 2. The “American continents”, including both North and South America, were not subject to any further colonization by European powers 3. The United States would construe any attempt at European colonization in the New World as an “unfriendly act.”

6. Effect of Monroe Doctrine U.S. had little military power to back up its claims Immense symbolic importance, announcing the United States as a world power equal to the great European nations. The Monroe Doctrine asserted U.S. preeminence in the affairs of the Americas, a position that has informed American foreign relations ever since.

7. John Quincy Adams Sec of State under Madison Wrote Monroe Doctrine

8. Simon Bolivar “George Washington of South America”

9. John Marshall Appointed Chief Justice of the Supreme Court in 1801 Remained in office until he died in 1835 A staunch Federalist, he continued to exert a strong Federalist influence on government Marbury v. Madison: Ruling established the principle of judicial review: Supreme Court’s power to rule an act of Congress unconstitutional

10. John Marshall

11. American System Economic plan Phrase coined by Henry Clay Continuation of ideas set forth by A. Hamilton Contained 3 main ideas: 1. Protective tariff 2. 2nd National Bank 3. Govt subsidized roads and canals

12. Erie Canal Erie Canal started construction in 1817 and was completed 8 years later First commercial link between New York East and the West. Provided an efficient, quicker, cheaper method of transporting goods

14. Dewitt Clinton Gov. of New York “Father of the Erie Canal”

15. National Road AKA Cumberland Road First major improved highway in the U.S.to be built by the federal government Construction began heading west in 1811 at Cumberland, Maryland Ends in 1835 at Vandalia, Indiana Provided a connection between the Potomac and Ohio Rivers Gateway to the west for thousands of settlers.

17. Missouri Compromise 1820–21 Measures passed by the U.S. Congress to end the first of a series of crises concerning the extension of slavery. 1820, Maine was made a state and Missouri was authorized to adopt a constitution having no restrictions on slavery. Missouri admitted to the Union, Aug., 1821 Henry Clay, as speaker of the House, is generally regarded as its author