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Bellringer. Identify 2 differences between OLD and NEW immigrants and explain why we discriminated against NEW immigrants. Agenda. BR Unions Dance! Political Cartoons. BR. Why was rent high in tenements? Use the terms supply and demand in your answer. Unions and Workers. 99 Problems.
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Bellringer • Identify 2 differences between OLD and NEW immigrants and explain why we discriminated against NEW immigrants.
Agenda • BR • Unions • Dance! • Political Cartoons
BR • Why was rent high in tenements? Use the terms supply and demand in your answer.
99 Problems • List 5 problems workers faced (like in Carnegies steel plants) as the nation industrialized • - 10-12 hour days • - 6 days a week - III • - Bad working conditions • - No health benefits- IIIIIII • -No vacation • -no job security - II • - No sick days - IIII • - Dull, repetitive jobs • -low pay - IIIIIII
Ain’t Got No Gwap • Why do you think workers were paid so little? Consider what is different in today’s workplace. • Workers would be paid low wages because the businesses didn’t want to waste money on safety. • There weren’t any government regulations either. • There was no minimum wage. • They didn’t care about their workers- they could be replaced.
Wages • The average weekly wage for a worker was less than $10.00 . Everyone in the family had to work: men, women, and children
All the Women…and children • Women and children were paid less than men. Why? What types of jobs did they do? • They weren’t seen as equal so they got paid less. No laws saying they had to be paid the same. They worked in coal mines, operated looms, and factories. • If women workers got pregnant- they were fired
We’re in Labor • Workers, who felt that big business didn’t care or represent them, organized into groups to negotiate and deal with the companies to make life better for all members. • These groups were called unions • Companies quickly were dividing into bosses vs. workers
The Knights of Labor (KOL) was one of the first large scale labor unions. It was unique because it organized men, women, black, white, skilled and unskilled workers. They wanted “8 hours of work, 8 hours of sleep, and 8 hours for what we will” 2 Unions
AFL • Another powerful union, the American Federation of Labor (AFL) started in the late 1880s also. • This union was started by Samuel Gompers • They organized only skilled workers, but had the same agenda as the KOL- bread and butter issues.
Delicious! • . **As unions start to form, they focus on the bread and butter issues which means that these are the issues that are the most important/necessary. • The three issues that they would fight for were better wages and better working conditions and shorter hours
** In order to send a message to businesses that they (the workers) were being treated unfair, unions had three tactics they used: Usually unions tried to negotiate peacefully first with business leaders, then they would take more action. Fight the Power
If that didn’t work, they would organize strikes, or work stoppages. Unions also would boycott products, or not buy them. Get the joke? In the last 20 years of the 1800s, unions organized 20,000 strikes! Man Bed…
They’re Scurred • Why do you think businesses were scared of unions? • If a union was powerful and had a large membership, they could slow down production if they led a strike. Strikes hurt profits.
Business Tactics • Business leaders tried to bad mouth labor members, they accused them of being socialist or anarchist. They tried to make them look like union members were un-American. • Businesses also tried to break unions up by bringing in troops and hiring minorities • Why?
Haymarket, Homestead, Pullman • Trends of major strikes: • Workers protest to get bread and butter issues • Big business calls in the government/troops it turns violent • Big business wins. Nothing really changes because they have the support of the government. • -Unions lose support.
Workers get Ideas • After many strikes, workers thought maybe our type of economy wasn’t the answer • We are a capitalist economy where we have choice in what we want to do, where to work. • The government doesn’t really control the economy too much • Some workers thought maybe socialism would be a better solution • That’s where the government has more control- they own businesses and basically tell people where to work
Politics • More workers, like Eugene Debs, wanted change • They wanted the wealth to be spread evenly between rich and poor • They didn’t want social classes • So the Socialist party started • Eugene Debs would run 4 times for president = big loser
Trends of Unions • Inventions caused the growth of industries which caused the growth of cities • Powberful corporations exploited workers forcing them to form unions • Unions fought for the bread and butter issues: better working conditions, higher wages • Government supports businesses over the workers (no regulations on businesses- laissez faire)
Bellringer • What are the three bread and butter issues workers wanted to achieve?
Bellringer • What are three tactics unions used to achieve bread and butter issues?
Agenda • BR • Review • Test • Cartoons
Definitions • A political cartoon is an illustration or comic strip containing a political or social message that usually relates to current events or personalities. • Makes fun of a serious issue
Symbolism • Cartoonists use simple objects, or symbols, to stand for larger concepts or ideas.
Exaggeration • Sometimes cartoonists overdo, or exaggerate, the physical characteristics of people or things in order to make a point.
Labeling • Cartoonists often label objects or people to make it clear exactly what they stand for.
Analogy • An analogy is a comparison between two unlike things that share some characteristics. By comparing a complex issue or situation with a more familiar one, cartoonists can help their readers see it in a different light.
Irony • Irony is the difference between the ways things are and the way things should be. Cartoonists often use irony to express their opinion on an issue.
