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conditionals

conditionals. What are the Conditionals ?. T hey are the heart of ‘ LIFE ’ !. The conditionals are used to talk about real or unreal situations , they are sometimes called if - clauses . Real Conditional describes real -life situations .

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conditionals

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  1. conditionals

  2. What are the Conditionals? They are the heart of ‘LIFE’ !

  3. Theconditionalsareusedto talk aboutrealorunrealsituations, theyaresometimescalledif-clauses. • Real Conditionaldescribesreal-life situations. • UnrealConditionaldescribesunreal, imaginarysituations.

  4. General Structure A conditional sentence is composed of2 parts : Ifclause + Main Clause Example : If it rains tomorrow, we will not come. If-clause Main Clause

  5. There are four basic conditionals that we use in English. • Zero Conditional • First Conditional • Second Conditional • Third Conditional • There are some more conditionals formed by mixing some of these four.

  6. Zero Conditional: Certainty Example : Present Tense Present Tense If youheat water to 100°C, it boils. If you pour oil into water, it floats.

  7. First Conditional: A real possibility in the future Example : Present Tense Future Tense If I feel sick, I will not go to school. If it rains tomorrow, the match will be cancelled.

  8. ANOTHER EXAMPLES • If I study hard, there is a good chance I will get an A in this exam. • If you leave now, you can get the last train. • If you don’t leave now, you will have to walk home. • If Dave calls again, tell him I am out! • If we finish this today, we won’t have to do it next week.

  9. Your Turn! • Think what things you can say with the word if, similar to the sentences on the last slide. • Remember: If…then… • Try to write two sentences and share with your friend, or read them out loud.

  10. Exercise One do not come • If you __________________ (not come), • you _________________ (miss ) the show. will miss will buy • John _________________ (buy)a car if he • ___________ (get)a job. gets gets • Mary ______________(get) a toothache if • she______________(eat) too many sweets. eats

  11. Second Conditional: Imaginary Present or Unlikely Future Example : Past Tense Would + infinitive If he werea bird, he would fly across the harbour. If I had $200,000 now, I would buy a car.

  12. ANOTHER EXAMPLES • If I saved all my money, I could buy that new digital camera by the end of the month. • If I finished my work early today, I would be home in time for the football. • I would beat the rush hour traffic if I left now. • Wouldn’t you be too upset if we didn’t see the movie this weekend?

  13. Have a go! • This is more difficult because it is imagining rather than happening, by using these words you are using your imaginationto look into the future by changing something in the present  • Try to write two things with if… then would… • Remember: If.. then would… (imaginary)

  14. Third Conditional: Imaginary Past Example : Past Perfect Tense Would + Present Perfect Form If I had had enough money, I would have bought the camera yesterday. If I had come home earlier, I would not have missedthe programme.

  15. ANOTHER EXAMPLES • If I had know that, I wouldn’t have bought the thing in the first place! • If you had done that yesterday, you wouldn’t be moaning about it today. • If we had looked through this paperwork last month, we could have cleared this mess up by now, couldn’t we?

  16. Try to think of some examples • This is much more difficult because it isn’t only imaginary, it is imaginary in hindsight, that is in the past,trying to change something that it is too late to change, normally with regret. • Try to think of one or two examples and share with a friend, or read them out loud. • Remember: If I had… then I would have…

  17. Exercise Two were • If I ________________ (be) four years old, I • ______________(learn) to play the piano. would learn had not failed • If I ______________ (not fail) in the • examination, my mother________________ (buy) me a new computer. would have bought would have finished 3. We ______________________ (finish) if we ______________ (have) better preparation. had had

  18. Third-Second Mixed Conditionals if + past perfect, + would + base form • For example: If you had taken the course, you would know about it. (The conditions were not met because the person did not do the course and as a result does not know about it now.)

  19. Second-Third Mixed Conditionals if + past simple, + would have + past participle • For example: If I could speak English, I wouldn't have needed to get the letter translated. (This means that I couldn't speak English then when I needed the translator and still can't.)

  20. Inversions : SHOULD may replace IF in type 1. Type 1 : Ifyou see John, ask him to come and see me. Shouldyou see John, ask him to come and see me. COULD or MIGHT may replace WOULD. Type 2 : IfI were an aeroplane, Icouldfly in the sky. WereI an aeroplane, Icouldfly in the sky. WERE may replace IF in an inversion.

  21. Type 3 : IfI had come home earlier, I would not have missed the programme. HadI come home earlier, I would not have missed the programme. HAD may replace IF in an inversion.

  22. IF NOT - UNLESS • You'll be unhappy unless you break up with her. = You'll be unhappy if you do not break up with her. • I wouldn't ask her out unless you told me it was OK. = I wouldn't ask her out if you told me it was not OK." • They wouldn't have come over unless we'd invited them. = They wouldn't have come over if we had not invited them.

  23. Whether and If : Grammar and Spelling Tips • 1. When both choices are given, we generally use whether rather than if : I don't know whether she's coming or not. (It would be possible to use if here, but less common.) • 2. Before an infinitive with to we use whether : I don't know whether to accept their offer or not. (If would not be used here.)

  24. 3. We can use whether after a preposition : It's a question of whether we can agree on everything. (If would not be used here.) • 4. Both whether and ifcan be used in indirect speech to introduce a yes/no question: Did they say whether/ifthey were going to be late? • 5. After some verbs, we use whether : I doubt whether they'll make it. We discussed whether it was the correct decision.

  25. WISH CLAUSE Type 2 IwishIwerea king. (But I am not!) Type 3 (But she didn’t!) Iwishshehad leftlast night.

  26. IF ONLY Type 2 If onlyIwere you! Type 2 If onlyhewere born in the USA! (He was not born inUSA.) If onlyshehad leftlast night! (She didnotleave last night.) Type 3

  27. LINKING WORDSused instead of IF

  28. AS IF / AS THOUGH • They didn’t say anything, but it seems as if they will come for dinner. • The problem was very easy, but it seemed as if he could not solve it . • He orders me as if I were his slave.

  29. EVEN IF • I will wear my red shirt even if you don’t like the idea. • Even if you take a taxi, you will miss your train.

  30. IN CASE / IN CASE OF • Take an umbrella in case it rains! • I'll buy two bottles of wine in case one is not enough. • In case of burglary, don't touch anything and call the police immediately.

  31. AS LONG ASPROVIDED/PROVIDING THAT • You can stay here as long as you keep quiet. • Provided/Providing (that) the bills are paid, tenants will not be evicted.

  32. WHAT IF • What if there are jellyfish? You won't want to swim in the sea then. • What if you had slipped? You would have fallen right down the cliff. There would have been nothing to save you.

  33. ASSUMING THATSUPPOSING/ SUPPOSE THAT • Assuming that the journey is likely to take a full day, we may except him any minute. • We would love to come and see you on Saturday, supposing I don't have to work that day.

  34. BUT FOR If it were not for the rain, we would go to Shatin. (Type 2) But for the rain, we would go to Shatin. If it had not been for the traffic jam, we would have arrived on time. (Type 3) But for the traffic jam, we would have arrived on time.

  35. OTHERWISE • Remember to use sun cream with high protection when you go down to the beach. Otherwise, you will get sunburnt within half an hour. • He must be quite intelligent. Otherwise, he wouldn't have got into university.

  36. ONLY IF • Only if you really like Mozart, is it worth coming tonight. • Only if you enjoy walking on the ocean floor, should you come to our summer camp.

  37. CONCLUSION We have talked about: • Types of conditionals with examples. • Omitting if from the sentence. • Mixed conditionals with examples. • Wish clause with examples. • The other conditionals.

  38. _THE END_

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