Unit 5

1. Unit 5

2. 基础知知识自测

3. 一、单词拼写 根据读音、词性和词义写出下列单词。 1. __________ [5kwCliti] n.品质；性质 2．__________ [ri5pQblik] n.共和国；共和政体 3．__________ [5prinsEpl] n.原则； 原理 4．__________ [5nAFEnElizEm] n.民族主义；国家主义 5．__________ [5pi:sful] adj. 平静的；安静的 6．__________ [5piEriEd] n.时期；周期 7．__________ [Ed5vaiz] vt. 劝告；忠告 8．__________ [kEn5tinju:] v.继续 9．__________ [ju:W] n.青年；青年时期 10．_________ [vEJt] vt.投票；选举 quality republic principle nationalism peaceful period advise continue youth vote 一般电脑都缺少音标字体，所以音标显示不正常 把金山音标拷贝到C:\WINDOWS\Fonts里边就可以正常显示音标了

4. 11．___________ [steidV] n.舞台；阶段 12．___________ [pE5ziFEn] n.职位；位置 13．___________ [5vaiElEns] n.暴力；暴行 14．___________ [5i:kwEl] adj.相等的；平等的 15．___________ [5edju:keItId] adj.受过教育的；有教养的 16．___________ [5kru:EltI] n.残忍；残酷 17．___________ [5kriminl] n.罪犯；犯罪者 18．___________ [5prezidEnt] n.总统；会长 19．___________ [5sentEns] vt. 判决；宣判 20．___________ [5terE] n.恐怖；恐怖活动 stage position violence equal educated cruelty criminal president sentence terror

5. 二、单词运用 根据句子的结构和意义，在空格处填入一个恰当的单词，或者用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。 1. With the __________in him, we consider him a great person. 2. The t ___________of the criminals in Tibet caused great trouble to the ___________life of the native Tibetans. 3. The professor _________ the terrorists be s _________to death to give the others a warning. 4. The little girls performed wonderfully on the ______ , as the teachers expected. 5. Only a few people had the chances to __________ for the position. Most people felt sorry. qualities errors peaceful entenced advise stage be voted

6. violence 6. His remarks did v ________to the truth, which made Chinese people very angry . 7. “ Equal work , equal pay ” is always his ____________as a chief manager . 8. “No e__________ people will behave that way!” , stated the headmaster angrily . 9. We are clearer about terrorists’ c _________through their v___________ to the shops , the people and the soldiers. 10.The mid-aged man in the end __________her as his lifelong companion. principle educated cruelty violences accepted

7. 三、词语派生 用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。 1. He is ________to major in medicine against his parents’ _______ .( will) 2. Now that “ ________speak louder than words” , why not take an _________part in it ? (act) 3. You have your _______,but I ___________to go hiking in the forest .(choose) 4. We suffered a lot from the ___________rain these days. (continue) 5. The program on free ___________ will benefit a lot of people in the rural areas. (educate) willing will actions active choice have chosen continuous education

8. peacefully peace 6. The soldier died __________for the ______of the world. (peace) 7. The visitors were _________at the _________of the ____________in Tebit. (terror) 8. The middle school students joined the _____ League last week .(young) 9. The colored people are still calling for the __________ .(equal) 10. The sense of ____________ over spread , which caused great disorder in the streets. (nation) terrors terrified terrorists Youth equality nationalism

9. 四、词组互译 将下列词组或短语译成中文或英语。 1．________________________ 与……相处很好 2．____________________________ 愿意做……事情 3．_________________________ 丧失信心 4．_________________________ 失业 5．________________________ 事实上 6．________________________ 将……关进监狱 7．________________________ 当权；上台 8．________________________ 被判处……徒刑 9．________________________ 处于不幸之中 get on well with be willing to do something lose heart out of work as a matter of fact put…in prison come to power be sentenced to in trouble

10. 嫉妒 10. be jealous of _______________________ 11. blow up _________________________ 12. be worried about ________________________ 13. answer violence with violence ___________ 14. give up…for… _______________ 15. put … in a position _______________ 16. stop somebody from doing something _____________________ 使充气；爆炸 对……着急 以暴制暴 为……而放弃 将……关入监狱 阻止；使不能

11. 五、词组填空 根据句子提供的语境，从第四大题中选一个适当的词组并用其适用的形式填空。 1．The earnings can’t meet the needs of the family, for he ______________________for some time. 2．Nelson Mandela never ___________even when he was in prison. 3．Never laugh at those_____________ . 4．If you will, it will be very easy for you to ___________________with them. 5．___________________, no language is very easy to learn. Keep up, everything will be ok. has been out of work gave up in trouble get on well with As a matter of fact

12. 6．People were glad to hear that the terrorists ___________________________death. 7．_______________________________is not his principle. It is beyond our imagination. 8．I failed once again. How I _____________your easy success. 9．If the newly-elected president ______________, everything will be changed. I am sure. 10. The heavy rain _________________catching the early bus. had been sentenced to Answering violence with violence am jealous of comes to power stopped me from

13. 六、翻译填空 根据汉语意思，从上述短语中选一个恰当的词组完成句子。 1．我很愿意去北京为即将举行的奥运会当义工。 I _____________work as an unpaid hand for the Olympic Games to be held in Beijing . 2. 因为严重堵车，我没办法准时出席哪个会议。 The heavy traffic jam _________________________the meeting on time. 3. 我们一直担心的事情终于发生了。 What we ______________________has happened in the end. 4. 是坚持还是放弃，由你自己定。 It’s up to you to decide whether to ________or keep up. 5. 看见气球爆了，小男孩还是忍不住哭起来。 Seeing the balloon ___________, the little boy couldn’t keep back his tears. am willing to stopped me from attending have been worried about give up blowing up

14. Language points

15. die for为某种事业或目的而死 die for one’s country/ the people/ the cause. die of 死于内因 die from 死于外因 die from a car accident. 由于车祸而死 die by 死于暴力, 刀或剑等凶器 die by the sword/hanging.

16. be dying for 极想得到... She is dying for a cup of water. die through carelessness 因过失而死 die…down 凋落, 消失 die away 消失（渐渐远去） The sound died away. 声音渐渐远去。 die out 绝种 This kind of animal is dying out.

17. He fought against the German Nazis and Japanese invaders during World War II. 二战时期他抵抗德国纳粹和日本侵略者。 fight (fought, fought) fight for为……而战 fight against与……作斗争 We will have to fight against difficulties. They told the workers to fight for their rights.

18. He founded the first Republic in China in 1911 after many years’ fighting. 经过多年斗争他于1911在中国创建了第一个共和国。 found (founded, founded)建立，创建 find (found, found) The hospital was founded in 1920. Have you found your missing pen?

19. He strongly believed in the three principles: nationalism; people’s rights; people’s livelihood. 他坚信三条原则：民族，民权，民生。 believe in信任，信仰 Do you believe in God? We believe in our government. believe sb. = believe what sb. says相信某人的话 believe in sb.信任某人 He believe what he said because I believe in him.

20. in a peaceful way 以和平的方式 Do not talk(in) that way. (In) this way, you can remember the spelling. Don’t standin the /my way. He is betterin some way (s). He picked a penon the way toschool. 那样 这样 碍事 在某些方面 在往…的路上

21. He gave up a rich life for his ideas and fought for his country to be free from the UK in a peaceful way. 他为了他的思想而放弃了富裕生活，并且用和平方式为他的国家摆脱英国而进行了战斗。 give up表示主动放弃或屈服 He has decided to give up smoking. give in表示被动屈服或认输， 后面不带宾语 You can’t win the game, so you may as well give in. free from摆脱（不好的东西）的，无……的 Keep the children free from harm. You should try to write sentences free from mistakes.

22. He fought for the black people and was in prison for almost thirty years. 他为黑人而战且坐过三十年监狱。 be in prison在狱中，被监禁 He has been in prison for five years. put…in prison= send…to prison = throw …into prison把……投入监狱 The car thieves have been put in prison. He was sent to prison for ten years.

23. in prison 囚禁 throw sb. into prison= send /take sb. to prison prison表示蹲监狱时, 其前不用冠词 be sent to prison(被送进监狱) be in prison(在监狱里) be thrown into prison(被投入监狱) break prison(越狱)

24. He hadbeen in prisonfor 20 years . The manwas put in prisonfor stealing a car. Anyone who breaks the law shouldbe thrown into prison. They all went to the prison to visit the prisoners. 类似: bed, church, class, college, hospital, school, university, market

25. The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult periodof my life. period期间，时期，学校的一节课，周期 Let’s finish this period and have a break. a period of rotation 自转周期 the time when其中when 引起定语从句 This was a time when you had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg. Do you still remember the time when we first met? the time可用于引起时间状语从句，这时一般不加when。 I recognized him the time I saw him.

26. continue + to do continue doing 继续做某事 go on doing 他继续睡觉，好像什么也没有发生。 He continued sleeping/ to sleep as if nothing had happened.

27. *fee: 服务费，酬金（如付予私人教师，医生等） Pay the lawyer’s fees (付律师费) fare: (公共汽车，轮船，出租车等的)费用，票价 到伦敦的公共汽车费是多少？ Ex. Travel at half/full/reduced _______(半价票旅行). A bill for school ______ (学费帐单). What is the bus fare to London? fare fees

28. worry about =be worried about I worry about your health. I am worried about your health. I worried about your health. I was worried about your health. 担心的神色a worried look Don’t be worried. --- Take it easy

29. out of work/job 失业, 没有工作 = lose one’s job = be unemployed His mother has beenout of workfor half a year. in work 有工作 Is her husband in work? out of意为“在…之外”,“向…外”;表示失去,没有,用完;不再处于某种状况。反义词为into或in。

30. ① The little boy ranout ofthe room. ② He took my booksoutofmy schoolbag. ③ Don’t runintothe room. ④ Can you put your raincoatinyour pocket?

31. outofbreath上气不接下气 out of patience不耐烦 out of petrol汽油用完了 out of use没用了 out of order出故障了 out of control失控了 out of danger脱离危险了 out of sight看不见了

32. out of fashion不时兴 out of date过时 out of repair无法修葺 Out of sight, out of mind.眼不见, 心不烦。

33. as … as+主语+can/could尽可能, 尽量 = as … as + possible He was runningasfastashe could.=He was runningasfast aspossible. You must speak Englishas oftenasyou can. =You must speak English _________________. as often as possible

34. They did the experiment as carefully as they could. =They did the experiment _____________________. Try to make as few mistakes as you can. =Try to make _________________________. as carefully as possible as fewmistakes as possible

35. We were put in a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the government. 我们被置于这样一个境地：要么我们被迫接受低人一等的现实，要么跟政府作斗争。 in which引导定语从句，相当于where，但意义更准确。如： After three hours’ ride, we came to the house in which he was born. 乘车3个小时后我们来到了他出生的那所房子。 Think of a place to which we can go for dinner. 想一个我们可以去吃饭的地方。

36. We were put in a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the government. accept“接受”，指的是主观上接受了 receive“收到”，指客观收到但不一定接受 我接受了他的邀请去参加晚会。 I accepted his invitation to the party． 我收到了他的邀请，但我没有接受。 I received his invitation,but I didn't accept.

37. 主谓一致用就近原则 either… or neither … nor not only…but also… There be… either... or... (两者之中)…或… (之一) You may stay either in a hotel orin a private house. I want to visit either Paris or London. Either you or I am wrong. Either of the boys likes singing. Either day is OK.

38. neither…nor… He has neither money nor social position. Neither parent cares what happens to the child. Neither of the boys likes to play such a game. both…and… Both he and I are wrong. Both of the boys like singing.

39. The last thirty years have seenthe greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all. 过去三十年里出现了最多的法律来剥夺我们的权利, 阻挡我们的进步,直到今天我们已经到了几乎没有任何权力的地步. see 在此句意为“见证，目睹”；(在某段时期)发生(某情况),经历,经受; 为某事发生之时，主语为时间 The last few months has seen more and more traffic accidents. The city has seen many changes.

40. 4. The parts of town where they lived were places decided by white people． 他们在城里的住宅区都是由白人决定的。 decided by white people 作定语饰places。 = which were decided by white people 被困在楼里的人们 the people trapped in the building = the people who were trapped in the building 过去分词作定语修饰people 定语从句作定语修饰people

41. …only then did we decide to answerviolence with violence. 只是在那时我们才决定以暴力对暴力。 only then此处引起倒装句，当only修饰状语位于句首时，句子采用部分倒装的结构。 Only by practicing a few hours every day will you be able to master English. only修饰主语时，句子不倒装。 Only he knew how to solve the problem.

42. answer 在本句中意为“对付” 1. 接，应（与door, bell, phone等连用） 2. 适应（需要等） 3. answer back 顶嘴 那女孩喜欢顶嘴。 I will go and answer the phone. The plan will not answer our needs. That girl likes answering back.

43. As a matter of fact, I do not like violence…but in 1936 I helped him blow up some government buildings. 事实上我不喜欢暴力……但在1963年我帮他炸了一些政府大楼. as a matter of fact= in fact As a matter of fact, I don’t know the truth.

44. as a matter of fact--- in fact Finally we achieved our dream. Finally our dream _____ ____. came true achieve one’s dream of doing sth • make black and white people equal • make + 宾语 + 宾补(名词， 形容词，动词) • We will make him monitor. • Our maths teacher made us interested in maths. • The boss made him work fourteen hours a day.

45. But I was happy to help because I knew it was to realize our dream of making black and white people equal. be equal to等于，相当于 I’m not equal to the position. Women demand equal pay for equal work. 但是，我乐于帮忙，因为我知道，这是为了实现我们的黑人和白人平等的梦想。 “It was + 不定式”结构表示“按计划或安排将要做的事”，该结构在此处相当于It was time to do sth. It was (time) to get rid of your bad habit of smoking. 该戒除你那抽烟的坏习惯了。

46. You cannot imagine how the sound of the name of Robben Island made us afraid. 你想象不到听到罗本岛这个名字令我们多么害怕。 imagine n./doing sth./sb.+doing/that… Can you imagine life without electricity? I din’t imaginebecoming a writer in my childhood. I can’t imagine her marrying him. Imagine that you are a bird. Language points for Reading II

47. 2. He taught us during the lunch breaks and the evening when we should have been asleep. 在午餐的休息时间和晚上我们本应该睡觉的时候他教授我们。 should do & should have done He should have come earlier. You should come earlier tomorrow. You should have written to your mother. My teacher said I should study harder. I should have studied harder when I was young.

48. should do表示应该做，一般指现在或将来的动作，指过去的动作时应站在过去的角度。 should have done表示本应该做而没有做的。站在现在的角度上评说过去的事情。

49. asleep, sleep & sleepy --Is he still sleeping? --Yes, he is fastasleep. I was too sleepy to hear the end of her talk. I usually sleep seven hours a day. asleep是表语形容词，意为“睡着的”。 sleep是动词或名词，意为“睡觉”。 sleepy 是形容词，意为“打盹的”。

50. 3. They were not cleverer than me, but they did pass their exams. 由于他们不如我聪明而又确实通过了考试did pass为强调结构，强调谓语动词时，在动词原行前加do, does, did. Do be careful! I do hope you have a merry Christmas! He does speak English well!