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Files Used in the Boot Process

Files Used in the Boot Process. Ntldr Boot.ini Bootsect.dos Ntdetect.com Ntbootdd.sys Ntoskrnl.exe Hal.dll System Device drivers. Preboot Sequence. The computer runs power-on self test (POST) routines.

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Files Used in the Boot Process

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  1. Files Used in the Boot Process • Ntldr • Boot.ini • Bootsect.dos • Ntdetect.com • Ntbootdd.sys • Ntoskrnl.exe • Hal.dll • System • Device drivers

  2. Preboot Sequence • The computer runs power-on self test (POST) routines. • The computer BIOS locates the boot device and loads and runs the master boot record (MBR). • The MBR locates, loads into memory, and executes the boot sector. • The computer loads and initializes the Ntldr file.

  3. Boot Sequence • Gathers information about hardware and drivers • Uses Ntldr, Boot.ini, Bootsect.dos (optional), Ntdetect.com, and Ntoskrnl.exe • Consists of four phases: • Initial boot loader • Operating system selection • Hardware detection • Configuration selection

  4. Kernel Load • Ntldr loads Ntoskrnl.exe but does not initialize it. • Ntldr loads the hardware abstraction layer file (hal.dll). • Ntldr loads the HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM registry key from systemroot\System32\Config\System. • Ntldr selects the control set it will use to initialize the computer. • Ntldr loads device drivers with a value of 0x0 for the Start entry.

  5. Kernel Initialization • Ntldr passes control to the kernel. • The system displays a graphical screen with a status bar indicating load status. • The kernel creates the registry key that contains hardware information. • The kernel creates the Clone control set. • The kernel loads and initializes device drivers. • Session Manager starts the higher-order subsystems and services. • Session Manager executes the instructions in the BootExecute data item, and in the Memory Management, DOS Devices, and SubSystems keys.

  6. Logon • The Win32 subsystem automatically starts Winlogon.exe. • Winlogon.exe starts Local Security Authority and displays the Logon dialog box. • The Service Controller executes and makes a final scan of the Services subkey, looking for services with the value 0x2 for the Start entry. • Windows 2000 startup is good when a user successfully logs on to the system. • The system copies the Clone control set to the LastKnownGood control set.

  7. Microsoft Windows 2000 Control Sets • The control sets are stored as subkeys of the registry key HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM. • The CurrentControlSet subkey is a pointer to one of the ControlSet00x keys. • The Clone control set is a clone of the control set used to initialize the computer (either Default or LastKnownGood).

  8. The HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\Select Registry Subkey • Current • Default • Failed • LastKnownGood 8

  9. The Last Known Good Process

  10. Use the Last Known Good Configuration Option • If you install a new device driver, and Microsoft Windows 2000 restarts, but the system stops responding • If you accidentally disable a critical device driver

  11. Don’t Use the Last Known Good Configuration Option • When the problem isn’t related to Windows 2000 configuration changes • After you log on • When startup failures relate to hardware failures or missing or corrupted files

  12. Safe Mode

  13. Other Advanced Boot Options • Enable Boot Logging • Enable VGA Mode • Last Known Good Configuration • Directory Services Restore Mode • Debugging Mode • Boot Normally

  14. Components of the Boot.ini File • [boot loader] • Timeout • Default • [operating systems] • Contains a line for each available operating system on the computer • Uses ARC paths

  15. ARC Paths

  16. Boot.ini Switches • /basevideo • /fastdetect=[comx | comx,y,z] • /maxmem:n • /noguiboot • /sos

  17. Modifications to Boot.ini • Modify the timeout and default parameter values using System Properties. • Manually edit parameter values in the Boot.ini file. • Clear the read-only and system attributes of the Boot.ini file to edit.

  18. Installing and Starting the Recovery Console • Install from the Windows 2000 Professional source files. • Run i386/winnt32/cmdcons to install the Recovery Console. • Access from the Please Select Operating System To Start menu.

  19. Accessing the Recovery Console from CD-ROM • Boot off the CD-ROM or Setup Boot diskettes. • Press Enter at the Setup Notification message. • Press R to repair an installation. • Press C to start the Recovery Console. • Type the number of the Windows 2000 installation you wish to repair. • Type the administrator password and press Enter. • Type Help and press Enter to view the list of available commands.

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