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Gift or curse?

Gift or curse?. A gift from Manitou in addition to potatoes and maize Christopher Columbus, 1492 His sailors brougt it home, they were arrested Persectuted by the Holy Inquisition, too. The plant and the compound. Nicotinia genus, Solanaceae family

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Gift or curse?

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  1. Gift or curse? • A gift from Manitou in addition to potatoes and maize • Christopher Columbus, 1492 • His sailors brougt it home, they were arrested • Persectuted by the Holy Inquisition, too

  2. The plant and the compound • Nicotinia genus, Solanaceae family • Relative of potato, tomato, paprika, belladonna... • Nicotin – alkaloid (toxins, drugs) • Isolated by Vaquelin • Jean Nicot was the ambassador of FranceLisbon,XVIth century

  3. N CH3 N

  4. King James, 1604 and many others A custom loathsome to the eye, hateful to the nose, harmful to the brain, dangerous to the lung, and the black stinking fume thereof, nearest resembling the horribly Stygian smoke of the pit that is bottomless. BUT taxes, profit, economy and also positive health effects

  5. Nicotine effects • In the brain nicotine binds to the acetylcholine receptors, • stimulates the secretion of the dopamine and affects the function of the mesolimbic system. • Activates both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. • Relaxation in stressful situations and stimulating effect in tranquil state.

  6. Smoking of nicotine • Very effective delivery system (in 10 seconds reaches the brain) • 0,2 mg is already effective (1 cigarette contains 8 – 9 mg; 0,3 – 3 mg gets in the body) • Half life about 40 minutes • NICOTINE IS ADDICTIVE !!!

  7. Nicotine is addictive but not very dangerous • 70 – 90 % of smokers are unable to quit (not a moral weakness) • Development of tolerance (more and more) • Withdrawal symptoms

  8. Nicotine is addictive but not very dangerous Comparison with other addicitons: Alcohol: moderate consumption is not harmful and does not lead to addiction. Alcoholism is extremely harmful to both the mental and physical health. Drugs: Consumption is dangerous to mental health, high probablility od addiction. Nicotine: Addictive but not harmful to personality, the health damage is NOT from nicotine

  9. Smoke and tar are dangerous The burning of cigarette is a complex physico-chemical process. Average temperature of the tip is 900 oC The main product is smoke containing the nicotine and a high number of organic and inorganic substances. After condensation of the smoke the remaining substance is a dark stinking tar. One cigarette produces about 2 litres of smoke which contains about 30 mg of tar

  10. Examples of harmful substances in smoke and tar • Condensed aromatic compounds (powerful carcinogens - benzpyrene, benzanthracene, aniline) • Nitrocomponds (mutagens, carcinogens) • Small organic molecules (formaldehyde, ammonia, cyanides) • Toxic metals (Cd, Ni, Co) • Reactive oxygen compounds (1014 in one puff) • Carbon monoxide (inactivated Hb)

  11. Reactive oxygen compounds • High concentration is smoke, effect amplified by metal catalysts • Conserved in tar • Added by activated phagocytes of respiratory organs (inflammation) • Inactivation of antioxidants

  12. Consequences • CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE • Ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction (RR ≈ 2) • Peripheral vascular disease • Stroke • LUNG DISEASE • Lung cancer (RR = 25!) • Chronic obstructive bronchitis • Emphysema

  13. Consequences • GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASE • Cancer of oral cavity, larynx, esophagus • Peptic ulcer • Esophageal reflux disease • Cancer of pancreas • UROGENITAL DISEASE • Cancer of bladder

  14. Consequences • SENSES • Age related macular degeneration COMPLICATIONS OF PREGNANCY • Infants small for gestational age • Stillbirth • High perinatal mortality • Abnormalities of placenta

  15. QUIT DO NOT BEGIN USE FILTERS SMOKE “LIGHTS” Electronic cigarette? RIGHT RIGHT RIGHT, BUT WRONG ? What can we do ?

  16. ??? • Smoking has been very good to me. Cigarettes have never let me down, never abandoned me on lonely, desperate nights. Smoking clears my head, helps me think. Smoking has started conversations, driven away annoying people. Smoking helps me celebrate victories, get over losses, comfort the comfortless. • It also chases away the mosquitoes.

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