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Animal Digestion

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animalcareplc2012
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Animal Digestion

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  1. Animal Digestive System

  2. 3 main groups • Herbivore • Plants only • Carnivore • Meat only • Omnivore • Both plants and meat

  3. The Digestive System

  4. Mechanical breakdown of food 1. Teeth 2. Contractions in stomach wall 3. Peristalsis Rhythmic muscular contraction and relaxation in the wall of the alimentary canal causing the food to move along the canal

  5. Pre molars Molars Animal Teeth Cutting Incisors Canines Tearing Crushing and grinding

  6. Oesophagus A muscular tube Connects Pharynx to stomach Food moves down the Oesophagus by Peristalsis

  7. Stomach J shaped muscular bag Stores food for about 4 hours Churns and mixes food with gastric juice forming Chyme Digest food

  8. Digestion in the Stomach 1. Mechanical DigestionPeristalsis physically breaks up food particles 2. Chemical Digestionusing Gastric Juice containing a. Mucus b. HCl c. Pepsinogen

  9. Small Intestine Muscular tube Functions Digestion Absorption Has three parts 1. duodenum 2. jejunum 3. ileum

  10. Villi Infolding in the lining of the small intestine Function Increase surface area for absorption of digested food

  11. Large Intestine Colon Caecum Appendix Rectum Anus

  12. Large Intestine Functions (Colon) 1. Reabsorb water 2. Produce B group vitamins 3. Digest cellulose

  13. Large Intestine Functions Caecum Appendix Function unknown in humans Rectum Stores Faeces

  14. Role of the Liver in digestion The liver produces bile Bile is a yellow-green liquid Bile is stored in the gall bladder Bile enters the duodenum through the bile duct

  15. Bile consists of 1. Water 2. Bile salts 3. Bile pigments Function of bile 1. Emulsifies fat This increases the surface area of the fat droplets 2. Neutralises the acidic chyme from stomach

  16. At the mouth the large food molecules are taken into the gut - this is called ingestion. • They must then be broken down into smaller ones by digestive enzymes – digestion. • they can then be taken from the gut into the blood stream - absorption. • The cells of the body can then use these small molecules - assimilation. • The indigestible waste products are eliminated from the body by the act of egestion.

  17. Three enzymes involved in digestion Enzymes are biological catalysts 1 Amylase 2 Pepsin 3 Lipase

  18. Common Ailments of the Digestive system • Constipation • Failure to pass faeces • Caused by dehydration, poor fibre in diet • Improve fibre in diet to treat • Diarrhoea • Passing abnormal amount of faeces (usually watery) • Caused by infection, stress, colitis • Withhold food and treat with medicine • Pancreatitis • Inflammation of the pancreas • Caused by viral infection • Withhold food for 72h and introduce low-fat diet, fluid therapy and antibiotics

  19. End

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