POST-RECONSTRUCTION

1. POST-RECONSTRUCTION • After Reconstruction many white southern Democrats attempted to DISENFRANCHISE (prevent from voting) African-American voters. • The ___________________ and ________________ were used to make it harder for blacks to vote

2. “Pitchfork” Ben Tillman • BEN TILLMAN became a hero of the poor white farmer in SC • As Governor he had a new constitution passed which required a LITERACY TEST for voting to make it hard for blacks to vote. The GRANDFATHER CLAUSE allowed people to vote if their grandfathers could vote in 1860….this benifited the poor white farmers who could not read or pay the poll tax

3. SC passed a series of laws called JIM CROW LAWS which legally segregated the races in all area of society. • PLESSY V. FERGUSON was the Supreme Court case that segregation was legal under the Constitution.

4. Summerton Graded School

5. Liberty Hill School

12. INDUSTRIALIZATION • Discoveries of IRON ORE and COAL in the west and the need for steel for the RAILROAD led to a growth in the steel and oil industry. • MEAT PACKING and grain processing plants sprang up in the Midwest to make the products of the ranches and farms of the west available to the rest of the country. • IMMIGRANTS provided much of the labor for the expanding industry

13. The TEXTILE INDUSTRY became the first major industry in SC. • The textile mills were located in the UPCOUNTRY close to the cotton fields and near rivers that would supply power. • Poor farmers who could no longer make a living from the land were attracted to the MILL VILLAGES that provided HOMES, SCHOOLS, CHURCHES and STORES in addition to jobs.

14. LIFE IN THE MILLS Many CHILDREN worked in the mills where they were susceptible to accidents. Men, women and children worked long hours and were looked down on as LINTHEADS. Lung diseases such as tuberculosis spread from breathing in the cotton fibers. The pay was very low and workers were not allowed to form UNIONS to improve conditions in the mills. The government always backed the interest of the MILL OWNER , rather than the workers

15. The production of cottonseed oil, lumber and PHOSPHATES for fertilizers spread in SC because northern mill owners were attracted here because of CHEAP LABOR and NO UNIONS.

16. THE PLIGHT OF THE FARMER • Small farms worked by SHARECROPPERS or TENANT FARMERS replaced the old plantations. • The CROP LEIN system allowed the creditors to have first claim on a farmers crop. • Farmers suffered economically because worldwide SUPPLY exceeded DEMAND. Farmers were not able pay on the loans they took out to purchase land and machines. • Pests such as the BOLL WEEVIL destroyed much of the states cotton

17. The farmers formed the GRANGE to bring farmers together for support • The POPULIST PARTY was formed to help the farmers and common man. • The Populists supported: regulation of RAILROADS and BANKING coinage of SILVER FARM LOANS SECRET BALLOT

18. SC farmers supported BEN TILLMAN • Tillman established CLEMSON as an agricultural college. He strongly opposed the University of South Carolina as a school for the elite. • LAND GRANT COLLEGES were established to support agricultural improvements in the state….Clemson was the white land grant college and SOUTH CAROLINA STATE was established for the African-American farmers.

19. NATURAL DISASTERS • The 1886 EARTHQUAKE, the largest east of the Mississippi River destroyed part of Charleston. • The 1893 HURRICANE and others that followed wiped out the RICE fields….many Low Country farmers began to turn to TRUCK FARMING to provide produce to local markets. • TOBACCO was introduced to the Pee DEE and some Upstate farmers began to plant PEACH trees.