POST CIVIL WAR AMERICA RECONSTRUCTION

1. POST CIVIL WAR AMERICARECONSTRUCTION 1865-1877

2. PROBLEMS TO FACE • 1-HOW TO REBUILD THE SOUTH? • 2-HOW WOULD THE FREED SLAVES SURVIVE? • 3-HOW WOULD SOUTHERN STATES BE ALLOWED BACK INTO THE UNION? • 4-WHO WOULD DIRECT RECONSTRUCTION? SOUTHERN STATES, PRESIDENT OR CONGRESS

3. REBUILDING & REINTEGRATION • 1-DAVIS—2 yr prison sentence • 2-All leaders pardoned in 1868 • 3-FREEDMEN • Violence against their masters • Loyalty to former masters • Took new names • Want to be addressed as Mr./Mrs. • Look for spouses/kids • -look for new opportunities • Church becomes focus of black community • Education

4. 2 types of people in the south • Carpetbaggers • Northerners who went South to gain power & $ • Scalawags • Southerners—former Unionists & Whigs • Use political influence to profit from new gov’t

5. FREEDMAN’S BUREAU 1865 • Gov’t to provide food, clothing, medical care & education • Run by Gen. Oliver Howard • Results: • 200,000 learned to read • Authorized to settle black on 40 acres of land • Most don’t get land; sign labor contracts with former masters • Bureau expires in 1872 • Johnson hates it---too much fed. Gov’t involvement

6. Types of Reconstruction Plans • 1-Lincoln’s plan---10% plan • 10% loyalty oath=readmitted to Union • Pardons all except main leaders • 2-Radical Republicans-Wade Davis Bill • 50% take loyalty oath • Election for convention-----new state constitutions • Want punishment • Key leaders • Thaddeus Stevens—”humanitarian without humanity • Sumner—freedmen’s rights need to be guaranteed

8. Andrew Johnson as President • Tennessee war Governor during Civil War • Pro-Union southerner • Reconstruction Plan of May, 1865 • Uses 10% plan • No vote for leading, wealthy Confeds • Personal pardons ok • State conventions----repeal secession, give up Confed. debt---ratify 13th Am.=readmission

9. BLACK CODES • Southern state laws to regulate blacks • Blacks need job---labor contracts • No jury • No “idleness”—can be arrested • ----become “sharecroppers”

10. CONGRESSIONAL RECONSTRUCTION • Fear power of Southern states • Dislike Confed. leaders getting jobs in Congress back & gaining more power • Would they get rid of the tariff? Transcontinental rr? Homestead Act? Keep Black codes??

11. Johnson Vetoes Freedmen’s Bureau Civil Rights Bill—later becomes 14th Amendment States rights Personal Pardons for Confeds. Dec. 6, 1865—all states had satisfied his conditions for re-admittance----Union restored Congressional-Military 14th Amendment June, 1866 Citizenship Reduced representation if deny black voters Disqualified Confed officers Guarantee of fed debt No guarantee of confed debt Right to vote (later 15th Amendment) Reconstruction Act of 1867 South ruled by Generals Divided in 5 military districts Ratify 14th Amendment or not in Union 15th Amendment—vote Johnson vs. Congress

12. Congressional elections of 1866 • Congress keeps passing laws over Johnson’s veto • Republicans dislike that many Southern governments have very strict Black Codes—like slavery all over again • Johnson gives speeches about Radical republicans------ • Result-Republicans gain a 2/3 majority in both houses of Congress

13. Impeachment of Andrew Johnson • Tenure of Office Act 1867 • Get consent of Senate for removal of appointee • Stanton—Sec. of War • 1868—Johnson dismisses Stanton • House of Rep—vote to impeach Johnson • Abuse of the constitution??

14. RESULTS OF RECONSTRUCTION • Blacks get freedom, citizenship & right to vote • Women do NOT get the vote • Black political organizations develop • Blacks acted as delegates to state constitutional conventions---gain political experience • Increased representation in Congress, many in state & local gov’t • $ earmarked for freedmen---went to whites • KKK develops • Congress uses Force Acts to get rid of KKK