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The Appendicular Skeleton

The Appendicular Skeleton. Chapter 7. pectoral girdle = scapula (shoulder blade) + clavicle (collarbone) . Pectoral Girdle. supports the upper limbs, provides a place for muscle attachment arrangement of bones good for mobility, but bad for stability. Features of the Scapula

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The Appendicular Skeleton

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  1. The Appendicular Skeleton Chapter 7

  2. pectoral girdle = scapula (shoulder blade) + clavicle (collarbone)

  3. Pectoral Girdle • supports the upper limbs, provides a place for muscle attachment • arrangement of bones good for mobility, but bad for stability

  4. Features of the Scapula • glenoid cavity = depression where head of the humerus fits • acromionprocess = “point of the shoulder”

  5. upper arm = humerus Features of the humerus • trochlea & capitulum = projections that articulate with ulna & radius

  6. Lower arm = ulna & radius • radius is on thumb side of arm • ulna is longer and forms point of elbow

  7. wrist = carpals • two rows, each with 4 short bones → 8 total

  8. hand = 5 metacarpals (palm) and 14 phalanges (fingers) • Metacarpals numbered 1-5 starting from thumb side • phalanges numbered 1-5 starting from thumb side - fingers consist of 3 bones (proximal, middle, distal) and thumb 2 bones (proximal & distal)

  9. pelvic girdle = 2 coxal bones • functions include support for the trunk, attachments for the lower limbs, protection for the bladder, large intestine, & reproductive organs

  10. each coxal bone has 3 parts: • ilium: largest portion, iliac crest articulates with sacrum • ischium: lowest portion, you sit on the ischial tuberosities • pubis: anterior portion, fuses at the pubic symphysis

  11. Features of the pelvis • acetabulum – cup-shaped region that articulates with head of the femur • obturator foramen- large opening where nerves & blood vessels pass from the spinal cord to the lower limbs

  12. upper leg = femur • longest bone in body • articulates with coxal bone, tibia and patella

  13. knee cap = patella • sesamoid bone • protects knee joint

  14. lower leg = tibia (shin bone) and fibula • tibia: • larger of the 2 bones • on medial side of leg • articulates with the femur and tallus bone in the ankle • fibula • smaller bone • on lateral side of leg • bears no weight

  15. ankle = 7 tarsals • talus (B) is only free moving bone of ankle • calcaneus / heel (A) is largest tarsal bone

  16. sole/arch of foot = metatarsals • numbered 1-5 starting medially • weak arches → possible flat feet

  17. toes = phalanges • 3 in each, except 2 in big toe • named same as phalanges in hand

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