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Chapter 7.2 Cell Structure. 1. Cytoplasm. Gel- like fluid of the cell . 2. Cell Membrane. Phospholipid bilayer that surrounds the outside of the cell. “Walls to the factory”. 3 . Organelles. “little organs ” that are found in the cell. Examples: Mitochondria & Golgi. 4 . Nucleus.
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1. Cytoplasm • Gel-like fluid of the cell.
2. Cell Membrane • Phospholipid bilayer that surrounds the outside of the cell. • “Walls to the factory”
3. Organelles • “little organs” that are found in the cell. • Examples: Mitochondria & Golgi.
4. Nucleus • Control center that has DNA & coded instructions for proteins & other important molecules. • “Main office in a factory”
5. Nucleolus • Small, dense region in the nucleus where the assembly of ribosomes begins.
6. Nuclear envelope/membrane • Made of 2 membranes • Outer boundary of the nucleus
7. Nuclear Pores • Allow proteins, RNA, & other molecules to move into & out of the nucleus. • “moving messages into & out of a factory’s main office”
8. Chromosomes • Found in nucleus & carries the cell’s genetic info. • Can be seen in dividing cells when the chromatin condenses to form the “X” shape.
9. Chromatin • Found in nucleus • A complex of DNA (genetic material) bound to proteins • Threadlike in non-dividing cells
10. Vacuoles • Stores materials like water, salts, proteins, &carbs. • Large in plant cells as a central vacuole.
11. Vesicles • Store & move materials between cell organelles, as well as to &from the cell surface.
12. Lysosomes • Filled with enzymes that help to break down lipids, carbs., & proteins into small molecules that can be used by the rest of the cell. • They also break down worn out organelles. • “Clean up crew”
13. Cytoskeleton (cyto=cell) • Serves as internal skeleton that maintains cell shape. • “Cement beams in a factory”
14. Microfilaments • Long, thin fibers that helps cells move, and/or provide shape & structure to the cell.
15. Microtubules • Hollow structures for support (larger) • Help build cilia and flagella (for movement)
16. Ribosomes • Serve in protein synthesis (making of proteins) • May be found in cytoplasm or attached to endoplasmic reticulum
17. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) • Transports chemicals & proteins within and between cells. • Rough ER = when ribosomes are attached tothe surface. Makes proteins. • Smooth ER = when no ribosomes are attached to thesurface. Makes membranlipids & detoxifies drugs.
18. Golgi Apparatus/Body • Modifies, sorts, & packages proteins & other materials from the ER for storage in the cell or to release outside the cell. • “Mailroom”
19. Chloroplasts • Photosynthesis to make sugars for plants • Contains chlorophyll – green pigment
20. Mitochondria • Converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use (cellular respiration). • “Boiler room”
21. Cell Wall • Supportive outer layer around the cell membrane to give shape. • Only in plant cells.
21. Prokaryote • Cell lacking a nucleus & nuclear membrane but still has DNA spread throughout the cell
23. Eukaryote • Cell that has a nucleus (plant & animal).
