Ladies and Gentlemen

1. I walk on untrodden ground. There is scarcely any part of my conduct which may not hereafter be drawn into precedent. George Washington Ladies and Gentlemen A people that values its privileges above its principles soon loses both. Dwight D. Eisenhower The President of the United States Concentrated power has always been the enemy of liberty. Ronald Reagan I am not a crook. Richard M. Nixon

2. The Presidents Job • As the leader of our country, the President has a variety of jobs he must do and roles he must play • The President plays eight vital roles all at the same time. • Chief of state: Ceremonial head of the government of the US • Chief executive: In charge of executing the laws of the US • Chief administrator: He is in charge of the administration of the federal government • Chief diplomat: architect of foreign policy and America’s representation to the rest of the world • Commander in chief: leader of US armed forces • Chief legislator: primary architect and controller of American public policy • Chief of party: leader of the party to which they belong • Chief citizen: an example of what Americans should be

3. Term and Salary • Presidents may serve a maximum of two terms, unless they take over a term after the half way point and then they may serve a maximum of ten years • The President’s salary was increased to $400,000 a year in 2001 FDR was elected 4 times. Lyndon B. Johnson, served half of JFK’s term. Think the 22nd Amendment

6. The Vice President • The constitution gives the Vice president little to no responsibility • Primary jobs are to lead the senate and to Succeed the President • Individual roles of past vice presidents have varied, very much dependent on the administration Interesting Fact • John Adams cast a deciding vote 29 times, more than did any other Vice President in his role as President of the Senate.

7. Presidential Succession • Succession Act of 1947established the set of rules to determine who will fill the president’s office in case of a vacancy. The order is on the chart to the right.

8. Presidential Selection • The two main parties each nominate a candidate through the use of primary elections and national conventions • Presidential primaries are held in the months leading up to the national convention • Not all states hold presidential primaries, some hold caucuses or closed meetings • National conventions are held in prominent cities that will be able to accommodate such an event • At each convention the parties have delegates from the states who select the candidate • Each national convention is held for the specific purposes of adopting the party platform, nominating the presidential candidates, and unifying the party behind the nominees • When the election comes around in November, the public votes for president but they are not the people who actually vote for president, we the voters cast a vote of preference.

9. What is the origin of the donkey and elephant as the symbols of the Democratic and Republican parties in America? • The Answer: • The Donkey— Presidential candidate Andrew Jackson was the first Democrat ever to be associated with the donkey symbol. His opponents during the election of 1828 tried to label him a "jackass" for his populist beliefs and slogan, "Let the people rule." Jackson was entertained by the notion and ended up using it to his advantage on his campaign posters. • But cartoonist Thomas Nast is credited with making the donkey the recognized symbol of the Democratic Party. It first appeared in a cartoon in Harper's Weekly in 1870, and was supposed to represent an anti-Civil War faction. But the public was immediately taken by it and by 1880 it had already become the unofficial symbol of the party. • The Elephant— Political cartoonist Thomas Nast was also responsible for the Republican Party elephant. In a cartoon that appeared in Harper's Weekly in 1874, Nast drew a donkey clothed in lion's skin, scaring away all the animals at the zoo. One of those animals, the elephant, was labeled "The Republican Vote." That's all it took for the elephant to become associated with the Republican Party.

10. Voting &

11. The Electoral College • The electoral college votes are apportioned based on the winner of the popular vote in each state. Winner takes all. • Some people have issues with this system in that it is possible to win the popular vote and not be elected president

13. The Presidency in Action: Presidential Powers • The changing view of Presidential power • Throughout the existence of the United States, the power of the President has grown with the increasing modernization of the Country • Factors such as economics, social change, political upheaval, and technology have forced the president to use his power in new and innovative ways • Events that call for decisive action such as war, terrorism and domestic crisis have also led to a necessary expansion in how the president uses his powers • The President’s powers fall into five primary categories • executive powers • diplomatic powers • military powers • legislative powers • judicial powers

14. The Presidents Executive Powers • The Presidents primary responsibility is to execute, enforce, administer, and carry out the provisions of federal law • Most of the executive duties fall to the offices in the executive branch, however there are certain powers that fall Directly to the President • The ordinance power is the power of the President to issue an executive order, which is a directive, rule, or regulation that has the power of law • The appointing power is the presidents power to nominate individuals for positions within the government • The removal power is what the president needs to remove someone of their position without the consent of congress

15. The Diplomatic and Military Powers • The power to make treaties is exclusive to the President, although he often uses the Secretary of State as his intermediary • He also may make executive agreements that do not require the consent of Congress • The president also has the power of recognition, or the power to acknowledge the legal existence of a country and its government • As commander in chief, the president is charged with a multitude of responsibilities that deal with the use of the military • Some of these responsibilities include: making undeclared war, wartime powers • The war powers resolution limits the Presidents to wage war without the consent of Congress

16. Legislative and Judicial Powers • The president has the power to recommend and support legislation, veto legislation, or ignore it while it becomes law • The line item veto is a new legislative power of the president that allows him to veto any dollar amounts or appropriations in tax law that benefit only a small and select group of people • The judicial powers that the President holds can be used to change the sentence of criminal offenders or offer immunity to those that the president feels should not be subject to the law • Some of these powers are: reprieves (postponement of punishment), pardons (to release from punishment), mutations, and amnesty ( a group pardon)

17. The Executive Office of the President • The executive office and cabinet are huge not only in size, but in the variety of areas that they are involved • They handle matters from national security and the budget, to drugs and the environment • The cabinet serves as the heads of the various offices and as a close advisory board to the President

19. The Federal Bureaucracy • The federal government is a bureaucracy, which means that is organized on three basic principles: hierarchal authority, job specialization, and formal rules • A bureaucracy is basically a way to structure the jobs people do • The overwhelming majority of government bureaucracy is located in the executive branch • The bureaucracy is what the country uses to create and administer laws • The bureaucracy can be divided into three separate categories: the executive office of the president, the 15 cabinet departments, and independent agencies Do we have a bureaucracy at Northview and in Fulton County Schools?

21. The Executive Departments and the Independent Agencies • Each of the cabinets are headed up by a single head known as the secretary • The secretaries direct the actions of their department in accordance with the wishes of the President • Besides the President’s cabinet, there are some independent agencies that have been created by congress that perform administrative functions • These organizations fall into the categories of independent executive agencies, independent regulatory commissions, and government corporations

23. The Civil Service • The civil service began with the ineffectiveness of the spoils system that gave political offices and favors to friends and supporters of the government officials • The Pendleton Act made sure that the government hired people based on merit • Federal employees cannot strike, nor take a real activist role within a political party

24. Financing the Government • The government is primarily funded by American taxpayers • The government’s power to tax is limited by the Constitution • They may only levy taxes for public purposes • There are a variety of ways that the American taxpayer puts money into the government, and a variety of methods that the government spends it • The government also makes money from non tax related income such as interest on loans made, collectible stamps, and the production of coins • The government may also borrow money in order to fund its operations • Some of the largest government expenses are defense, social spending, and paying off the interest of the national debt • In order for the country to spend money, the executive branch must first submit a detailed budget proposal to congress • Congress then holds hearings and makes appropriations for each office of the executive branch that gives them a certain amount of money to spend • Congress may often pass emergency legislation if necessary

25. Foreign Policy & National Defense • For most of the country’s history, our policies were shaped by the practice of isolationism • We now live in more of a global village type of world • Our foreign policy must take into account the rest of the world and how it will react to the decisions that we will make • Foreign policy: all of the stands and actions that a country takes in regards to relations with other countries • Some of the chief issues in foreign policy have to do with diplomatic, commercial, and military matters • Some foreign policy has remained unchanged over time, and some policy must adapt with the growing world • The president is the chief architect of foreign policy

26. Departments of State and Defense • The State Department is the most important of the cabinet positions • It includes the department of foreign service and ambassadors who represent the US around the world • The Department of Defense assists the President in making and conducting military policy • This is one of the key positions in regards to the management of military action in war • The CIA coordinates and gathers the countries intelligence • The United States Information Agency promotes the American way of life throughout the world • The Selective Service system manages the draft. When was the last Draft? • NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

27. American Foreign Policy • Isolationism was the primary practice during much of American history • The Monroe Doctrine stated that the US should stay our of the affairs of Europe • The two world wars had a tremendous affect on America’s position in the world • After WWII America became a super power and became more interested in collective security and deterrence • During the Cold War America was faced with dealing with the threat of Communism spreading around the world • There were many events such as the Cuban Missile Crisis and the Vietnam that exemplified America’s chief foreign policy concern at this time

28. Foreign Aid and Defense Alliances • Foreign aid began during WW I and WWII • We practice military aid, financial aid, and other forms of aid that a country cannot provide for itself. Why do we do this? • The US has formed a number of Defense Alliances over the past century • NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization 28 member countries communicate on issues of defense. • The United Nations

29. Secret Service Codenames • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secret_Service_codename

30. Death in the White House

31. Scandals