Coastal Management- strategies along a stretch of coastline

1. Coastal Management- strategies along a stretch of coastline • Explain how the coastline is divided up to make management easier. • Describe the methods used to prevent coastal erosion and divide these into traditional and modern types and also hard and soft engineering methods. • Evaluate the efficiency of each method and identify advantages and disadvantages of each method. • Describe the management system in place for a named stretch of the UK Coast

2. Starter Risks of rapid coastal erosion in Holderness

3. Can we protect the entire coast of the UK or elsewhere? • How do we decide where needs protection? • How do we decide what level of protection to give to a place? • What happens to places that we don’t protect? • Who organises the protection of the coast?

6. What methods can we use to protect the coast? Ref Phillip Allan 240 -242

7. Breakwaters Offshore

8. Embankments

9. Gabions

10. Groynes

11. Revetments

12. Rip Rap / Sea wall

13. Straight sea wall

14. Recurved sea wall

15. Cliff drainage

16. Cliff fixing

17. Cliff regrading

18. Beach nourishment

19. Beach re-profiling

20. Dune regeneration

21. Developing natural defences of coral reefs and mangroves

22. Offshore reefs

25. Soft and hard engineering • What is the difference between hard and soft engineering management schemes? • Does soft engineering appeal simply on cost? Justify?

26. Integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) & Shoreline Management Plans (SMP) • This means that rather than sections of the coast being managed by individual towns or villages, they are managed as a whole • Realisation that acting in one place affects other places along coastline i.e. Mappleton. • Due to sediments cells

27. Sediment Cells Read p194 of Phillip Allan and p194 Pearson and Holderness photocopy (Oxford). • Produce a short paragraph explaining what a sediment cell is. • Produce a simple sketch map of England showing the 11 sediment cells. • How is an understanding of sediment cells essential if the principles of shoreline management plans are to work?

28. Shoreline Management Plans (SMP) • In a SMP all local interest groups are consulted and provide engineers with background information about that stretch of coast – 4 options considered • DO NOTHING – i.e. let existing defences collapse • HOLD THE LINE i.e. keep the coastline where it is by using hard engineering (Sheringham) • ADVANCE THE LINE i.e. build coastal defences out to sea i.e. artificial breakwaters (Dubai) • RETREAT THE LINE i.e. allow the coast to erode back to a defined line (South of Mapleton)

29. SMP • Cost benefit analysis and environmental impact analysis (EIA) carried out to decide best option • SMP can be valid for up to 50 years • Unprotected areas eventually erode inland and protected areas form small headlands – alters shape of coast into series of bays.

30. Case Study – Coastal defences on the Holderness coast. • Identify coastal defences in place at three locations along Holderness coast: Withernsea, Mappleton and Flamborough • Describe how each method works and outline advantages and disadvantages for each technique suggesting where appropriate whether another technique would be better. • Also use Google maps to find an area of the Holderness coast where no defences are present and to examine why this would be the case. • Use the sheet provided to study and evaluate the coastal defences in place along the Holderness coast. Ref Oxford 198-201,

31. Plenary • Arguments for and against coastline retreat? • Why are sediment cells so important in coastal management?