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Day 1: Preview “If there is no struggle there is no progress… This struggle may be a moral one, or it may be a physical one, and it may be both moral and physical, but it must be a struggle. Power concedes to nothing without demand. It never did and it never will. Find out just what any people will quietly submit to and you have found the exact measure of injustice and wrong which will be imposed upon them, and these will continue till they are resisted with either words or blows, or with both.” • -Frederick Douglass
Sectionalism, Slavery, and the coming Civil War How did politics bring about the Civil War?
Geography: • What does the dark purple on the key represent? • Which region (N,S, E, W) has the most? • Why do you think some have a lot, and some have very little or none?
North and South, growing apart • Since the end of the revolution in 1787, many Northern states outlaw slavery • Slavery continues in South where it can make money • Growing cash crops • On plantations • At first tobacco • then cotton
The Cotton Gin • 1794 • “Cotton is King” • Allowed expansion of cotton plantations • 50x as efficient • The cash crop • Industry in South stops growing
Regional Differences • Industrializing • Factories • Immigration • Rail Roads • Major Urban centers • 22 Million people • Agrarian • Closed society • Rural • 9 Million White; 3.5 Million slaves • 1/3 of families owned slaves • 88% held <20
What is the purpose (point) of this graph? • What is the value (i.e. how does it help us understand the differences between North and South)? • Cite three pieces if evidence that shows North and South had grown apart into different regions.
Day 2: Politics of Pre-Civil War Q & A: 1) Which section (North or South) held majority of USresources? 2) What oneresource did the South have a majority of? 3) How might this resource have shaped southern politics and beliefs? WARNING: PLEASE continue using your notes, and follow directions as you view the next few slides. This information will help you on your Final!
Missouri Compromise 1820 Solved dispute over slavery in Louisiana Purchase Territories
Mexican War • South wants to expand slavery west and above compromise 36’ 30” line • Southern States able to balance Senate • Massive protests in North • Many begin to view south with suspicion
Wilmot Proviso • Sen. Wilmot urges no Slavery in Mexican Cession territory • South argues 36’ 30” only applies to Louisiana Purchase • Slave states outraged • Viewed as an attack on South • First major conflict between two sides • Bill passes in House of Representatives • Fails in Senate: WHY?
Compromise of 1850What to do with the lands in the west? Free or Slave? • North • California=free state • Texas claims on New Mexico given up • Limits expansion • Slave auctions in DC banned • South • Fugitive Slave Law • All runaway slaves returned from North • Requires North’s assistance • Popular sovereignty • States decide themselves if they are free or slave • South feels as though benefited from bill the most • Many believe issue is now settled
Resistance to Fugitive Slave Law • North outraged: Forced to aid slave catchers • Freed slaves could be recaptured • Anti-Slavery societies fought back • Armed resistance to slave catchers; the law • Leads to great tension between North and South
Abolition Societies Harriet Tubman Frederick Douglass William Lloyd Garrison Societies of Black, White, Women Argued slavery a sin, not just wrong Slowly able to convince many northerners that slavery a sin Tried to use religion as a weapon
Day 3: More Politics and People Preview: Explain how the picture below depicts the abolitionist’s views on slavery?
Parties Diverge Slavery becomes THE issue Exploited by Democrats to win N. Dems. Become Republicans Politics divides nation
Kansas-Nebraska Act • Allows for popular sovereignty in Kansas and Nebraska Territory ● Northerners outraged, bitter ● See it as a small minority forcing slavery on them
“Bleeding Kansas” • Becomes battleground • Free and slave set up separate governments • Pottawatomie Massacre sparks battles • Cut off hands, stabbed • John Brown • Kansas and Nebraska opened up to slavery • Final decision voted on by citizens • Try to pack population with Southerners • North responds by trying to pack population with Northerners
“Bleeding Sumner” • Sumner delievers speech titled the “Crime Against Kansas” • Verbally attacks southern Senators over their support for slavery • Beaten by Brooks nearly to death on floor of the Senate Southerners send Brooks’ cane in celebration Seen by North as another example of Southern arrogance and violence
John Brown • Leader of Pottawatomie Massacre • Leads attack on Harper’s Ferry (Virginia arsenal) • Tries to capture weapons to start slave revolt • Fails • Becomes hero in North • South calls for his death • South responds by organizing militias to fight slave uprisings “I John Brown am now quite certain that the crimes of this guilty land will never be purged but with blood”
The Republican Party • Republican Party born in Wisconsin • Anti-Slavery; Free Soil • Free soil means all new states must outlaw slavery • Not one slave state voted for a Republican • Now two parties that are regionalized
Tensions HighBoth sides sick of Compromise • North furious • Mexican War • Fugitive Slave Act • Kansas-Nebraska Act • Bleeding Kansas • Bleeding Sumner • Execution John Brown • See South as powerful minority forcing slavery on country • Look to Republican Party • South Furious • Wilmot Proviso • North refuses to return fugitive slaves • Bleeding Kansas • John Brown and Northern Abolitionists threaten their way of life • Afraid of slave revolts • Look to Democrats • See Republican party as embodiment of abolitionists
Election of the “Black Republican” • Elected without being on ballot in South • South sees in Lincoln and Republicans a threat to slavery • Believe they will outlaw slavery • South leaves Union • See themselves like Patriots in Revolution • Fighting oppressive government
Exit Ticket: 1) From who’s point of view is this cartoon? 2) What is the cartoonist trying to say? 3) What in the cartoon helps you understand the message?
