The English Revolution

1. The English Revolution

2. Agenda • Activator: Who is the current Queen of England? Is she an absolute monarch? • English Civil War • News Report on the English Civil War

4. The English Civil War 1. The English Civil War of the 17th century was a struggle between king and Parliament that turned into an armed conflict.

5. 2. When Elizabeth I died, her cousin James I King of Scotland took the throne claiming divine right. 3. Parliament did not think much of divine right of kings and thought Parliament and the King should rule together.

6. Divine Right 1. Divine right is the idea that monarchs are God’s representative on earth and are therefore answerable only to God. It was used to give kings absolute rule. Once they get past the Divine Right of Kings, I’m not much into theology.

7. Divine Right 2. Many Puritans made up the House of Commons in Parliament and disagreed with the king’s role as head of the Church of England. (King James Bible)

8. 3. The revolution came to a head during the reign of Charles I, King James’son. 4. Charles always needed money to fight wars and when Parliament refused to give it to him he dissolved Parliament as a whole.

9. Issues of the Revolution 1. In 1628, Parliament passed the Petition of Right. A. It required the king to get permission from Parliament before granting any taxes, (an obstacle to an absolute monarchy) B. It forbade the king from i. imprisoning people without just cause, ii. housing soldiers or iii. mposingmartial law.

10. 2. Charles signed but ignored the document and continued to tax the people heavily. 3. Charles tried to impose more ritual on the Church of England, which to Puritans was a return to Catholic practices.

11. The Civil War 1. Supporters of the king: Cavaliers or Royalists. 2. Supporters of the Parliament: Roundheads 3. Parliament proved victorious, due largely to the New Model Army of Oliver Cromwell.

12. 4. King Charles I was tried for treason and executed in a public fashion. Charles I was the King that lost the English Civil War. 5. Cromwell purged Parliament of any members who had not supported his Forces and made England a republic.

13. Cavaliers vs. Roundheads

14. 6. In 1649, Oliver Cromwell abolished the monarchy and the House of Lords. 7. He established a commonwealth, a republican form of government, and a constitution. 8. Cromwell tore up the constitution and became a military dictator.

15. 9. Cromwell destroyed both the king and Parliament. 10. Established a military dictatorship. and forced his Puritan beliefs on the people. 11. Cromwell sought to reform society, making and enforcing laws that abolished all activities Puritans found sinful.

16. 12. Following Cromwell’s death the monarchy was restored under Charles II. This was called The Restoration. 13. The Restoration introduced habeas corpus. Habeas Corpus prevents monarchs from jailing people without cause and from holding prisoners without trial.

17. 14. Cromwell destroyed both the king and Parliament. 15. Established a military dictatorship and forced his Puritan beliefs on the people. 16. Following his death the monarchy was restored under Charles II. 17. The Restoration introduced habeas corpus. Habeas Corpus prevents monarchs from jailing people without cause and from holding prisoners without trial.

20. Limits on the Monarch’s Power 1. Bill of Rights A. No suspending of Parliaments laws B. No levying taxes without permission from Parliament C. No interfering with freedom of speech in Parliament D. No penalty for citizen petitions to the king about grievances

21. 2. Cabinet System • After 1688 no British monarch could rule without the consent of Parliament • If the two disagreed government could come to a standstill • This problem was solved by creation of a Cabinet made up of a group of ministers, or officials, from the major party of Parliament, but acting in the name of the king or queen